孟宏杰 陈锐 唐培安 陆月明 赵叶飞 冯俊

摘要 為探明臭氧对主要储粮害虫的熏蒸效果及其与磷化氢抗性的关系，本研究采用臭氧发生装置测定浓度为 0.84 g/m3臭氧对 5 种主要储粮害虫（赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗、玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹）的熏蒸效果，及对具有不同磷化氢抗性的赤拟谷盗（抗性系数为1.7～862.7）和杂拟谷盗（抗性系数为2.3～144.7）的毒力效果，并统计分析了试虫经臭氧熏蒸 1 h 后在不同时间内的行为状态差异。研究结果表明：在 0.84 g/m3臭氧浓度下，5 种害虫对臭氧均具有较强敏感性，其 LT50在0.58～1.53 h，其中谷蠹对臭氧的耐受性相对最强;赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的不同磷化氢抗性品系对臭氧的敏感性差异较小，表明磷化氢与臭氧无交互抗性。经臭氧熏蒸1 h后，试虫有正常爬行、非正常爬行和死亡3种行为状态，其中较大比例的试虫（24%～66%）处于非正常爬行状态，且持续时间较长，约10 d后此部分试虫恢复正常或死亡。结果表明，臭氧对储粮害虫具有高效性和广谱性，且与磷化氢无交互抗性，可作为储粮害虫防治及磷化氢抗性治理药剂。

关键词 储粮害虫; 熏蒸剂; 臭氧; 磷化氢抗性; 死亡率

中图分类号： S 379.5

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019136

Efficacy of ozone against stored grain insects with different resistance to phosphine

MENG Hongjie1， CHEN Rui1， TANG Peian1， LU Yueming2， ZHAO Yefei3， FENG Jun3

（1. College of Food Science and Engineering， Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety，

Nanjing University of Finance and Economics， Nanjing 210023， China; 2. Taicang Grain Bureau of Jiangsu Province，

Taicang 215400， China; 3. Taicang Grain Marketing Limited Company of Jiangsu Province， Taicang 215400， China）

Abstract

In order to investigate the efficacy of ozone against major stored-product insects and its relationship with phosphine-resistance， five stored-product insects， Tribolium castaneum （Herbst）， T.confusum （Jac. du Val.）， Sitophilus zeamais （Motschulsky）， Cryptolestes ferrugineus （Stephens） and Rhyzopertha dominica （Fabricius） were exposed to ozone at concentration of 0.84 g/m3 by using an ozone generator. The toxicity of ozone to T.castaneum （Rf 1.7862.7） and T.confusum （Rf 2.3144.7） with different phosphine-resistance were studied. Finally， the differences of behavioral state of the insects in different observation time after ozone fumigation for 1 h were evaluated. The results indicated that the five pests were sensitive to ozone， and their LT50 ranged from 0.58 h to 1.53 h， of which R.dominica was the most resistant to ozone at tested concentration. There is no significant difference in the sensitivity to ozone among different phosphine-resistant strains of T.castaneum and T.confusum and there is no cross-resistance between the resistance to phosphine and ozone. After being fumigated by ozone for 1 h， the insects showed three behavioral states， including normal crawling， abnormal crawling and death. A large proportion of the test insects （24%66%） were in an abnormal crawling state and lasted for a long time. After about 10 days， the part of the test insects returned to normal or died. The results showed that ozone fumigation is highly efficient and broad-spectrum for stored-product insects， and there is no cross-resistance between the resistance to phosphine and ozone. Ozone has the characteristics of controlling stored grain pests and phosphine-resistance treatment.

Key words

stored grain insect; fumigant; ozone; phosphine-resistance; mortality

目前，国内储粮害虫的防治主要采用磷化氢（PH3）熏蒸或有机磷酸盐（马拉硫磷、杀螟松、甲基嘧啶磷等）和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂喷洒拌粮等方式[1]。其中，PH3在储粮害虫防治中扮演着极为重要的角色。然而，长期单一使用PH3已导致世界范围内主要储粮害虫（赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum、谷蠹Rhyzopertha dominica、锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus等）对PH3产生了十分严重的抗药性，因而用药量不断增加，给生态环境带来较大压力，粮食安全及人畜安全也受到严重威胁。……