李炼 胡警匀 栗振义 苗福泓 刘贵河 孙娟

摘要 為筛选出对芨芨草具有高效防除作用的除草剂品种及组合，本研究采用茎叶喷雾法分别在芨芨草开花期和平茬（成株芨芨草离地面15 cm刈割）后第3天施药，测定了10种常用除草剂品种和6个除草剂组合对芨芨草的防除效果，获得了“花期茎叶喷施除草剂”和“平茬+喷施除草剂方式”清除芨芨草技术。1）开花期：18%草铵膦AS在有效剂量（下同）405 g/hm2时，药后7 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达100%;41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS剂量为922.5 g/hm2时，药后5 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达87.18%;24%烯草酮EC剂量为216 g/hm2时，药后15 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达77.03%;18%草铵膦AS 180 g/hm2+10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 37.8 g/hm2处理，药后5 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达91.30%。 2）平茬后：18%草铵膦AS、41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS均药后5 d见效，30 d鲜重防效均大于87%;30%苯唑草酮SC剂量为22.5 g/hm2时，药后5 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达85.97%;24%烯草酮EC剂量为144 g/hm2时，药后7 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达88.21%;15.8%精喹禾灵EC剂量135 g/hm2时，药后7 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达85.26%;12.5%烯禾啶EC 112.5 g/hm2+15.8%精喹禾灵EC 15.8 g/hm2处理，药后5 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达97.97%。

关键词 芨芨草; 除草剂; 化学防除

中图分类号： S451.23

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019081

Evaluation of control effects of 10 herbicides and their

combinations on Achnatherum splendens

LI Lian1， HU Jingyun1， LI Zhenyi1， MIAO Fuhong1， LIU Guihe2， SUN Juan1

（1. Institute of Animal Science and Technology， Qingdao Agricultural University， Qingdao 266109， China;

2. Institute of Animal Science and Technology， Heibei North University， Zhangjiakou 075000， China）

Abstract

Control effects of 10 common herbicides and 6 herbicide combinations on Achnatherum splendens were investigated to select out the herbicides and combinations with high control efficacy by foliar spray method at flowering stage and stumping stage （the third day after mowed）. The techniques of “foliar spraying herbicides at florescence” and “spraying herbicides method after mowed” to eliminate Achnatherum splendens were obtained in this study. 1） At flowering stage，when applying glufosinate-ammonium 18% AS at 405 g/hm2， the effect began to act after 7 days and the control efficacy on fresh weight reached 100% at the 30th day. When applying the combinations of glufosinate-ammonium 18% AS at 180 g/hm2 with haloxyfop-P-methyl 10.8% EC at 37.8 g/hm2， the control efficacy on fresh weight reached 91.30% at the 30th day. When applying glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41% AS at 922.5 g/hm2， the control efficacy began to act after 5 days and fresh weight control efficacy reached 87.18% at the 30th day. The fresh weight control efficacy of clethodim 24% EC at 216 g/hm2 was 77.03% at the 30th day. 2） After stumping stage， both glufosinate-ammonium 18% AS and glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41% AS have effect after 5 days， and the control efficacies on fresh weight were above 87% at the 30th day. The effect began to act 5 days later when spraying the topramezone 30% SC at 22.5 g/hm2， and the fresh weight control efficacy reached 85.97% at the 30th day. Spraying clethodim 24% EC at 144 g/hm2， the control efficacy on fresh weight reached 88.21% at the 30th day and the effect began to act after 7 days. The fresh weight control efficacy of quizalofop-P-ethyl 15.8% EC at 135 g/hm2 reached 85.26% at the 30th day. When spraying the herbicide combinations of quizalofop-P-ethyl 15.8% EC at 15.8 g/hm2 with sethoxydim 12.5% EC at 112.5 g/hm2， the effect began to act after 5 days and the control efficacy on fresh weight reached 97.97% at the 30th day.

其他6种除草剂，在推荐使用剂量范围内，低、中、高3种剂量下，30 d防效均低于60%，尤其是13%噁草酮EC组鲜重防效不足30%。

在芨芨草开花期施药，6种除草剂组合药后30 d的防治效果见表2。41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS+24%烯草酮EC组，剂量为820 g/hm2+60 g/hm2时，药后5 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达91.26%;剂量为410 g/hm2+60 g/hm2时，药后5 d见效，鲜重防效为65.62%;剂量为410 g/hm2+120 g/hm2时，药后5 d见效，30 d鲜重防效达73.96%。因此，41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS+24%烯草酮EC组合配比不同，防效随之不同，而且不同配比的防效差异显著。18%草铵膦AS+10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC组，剂量为360 g/hm2+37.8 g/hm2时，药后……