吴文龙 姜翠兰 黄兆峰 张朝贤 白全江 云晓鹏 魏守辉 黄红娟

摘要 向日葵列当是危害我国向日葵最严重的杂草。为明确我国向日葵田列当的发生危害情况及防治现状，采用对角线5点取样法对新疆、内蒙古、吉林和河北等主要向日葵种植区进行调查，对向日葵列当的寄生率和寄生强度等数据进行分析。结果表明，向日葵列当在向日葵产区广泛分布，严重危害向日葵的生产，其对食葵的寄生率高于油葵，对抗性品种的寄生率较低。在所有调查地区中内蒙古地区向日葵列当发生最严重，寄生率高达100%，寄生强度达到38.5，单株寄生数量最高，达118株;新疆地区的向日葵列当寄生率居中，吉林、河北向日葵列当发生相对较轻。通过实地调研结合文献报道，对目前国内外向日葵列当的研究进展进行了综述，研究结果为指导向日葵列当防治提供参考。

关键词 向日葵列当; 寄生杂草; 向日葵; 防控技术

中图分类号： S 453

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019150

Investigation of present occurrence and infestation of Orobanche cumana Wallr. in China

WU Wenlong1， JIANG Cuilan1， HUANG Zhaofeng1， ZHANG Chaoxian1， BAI Quanjiang2，

YUN Xiaopeng2， WEI Shouhui1， HUANG Hongjuan1

（1. Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100193， China; 2. Institute of

Plant Protection， Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences， Hohhot 010031， China）

Abstract

Sunflower broomrape （Orobanche cumana Wallr.） is a serious threat to sunflower production in China. The occurrence and management of sunflower broomrape in Xinjiang， Inner Mongolia， Jilin and Hebei  were surveyed using five point diagonal sampling method. The parasitic rate and intensity of O.cumana were analyzed to understand the current situation of its infestation in China. The results indicated that sunflower broomrape occurred widely in the main sunflower producing area， particularly in confectionery sunflower， with higher infestation rate than in oilseed sunflower. The parasitic rate of O.cumana to susceptible varieties was higher than that to the resistant ones. In terms of the parasitic rate and intensity of O.cumana， the occurrence of sunflower broomrape in Inner Mongolia was more serious than that in Xinjiang， Jilin and Hebei， with the highest infestation rate of 100% and the maximum broomrape shoot number per plant was 118， and the average shoots per plant of sunflower reached 38.5. The investigation of the occurrence and control technology of sunflower broomrape in major sunflower production areas in China might provide guidance for the scientific management of this weed in sunflower.

Key words

Orobanche cumana; parasitic weed; sunflower; control technique

向日葵列当Orobanche cumana Wallr. 属于列当科Orobanchaceae列当属Orobanche，是一种根寄生杂草，其野生寄主是菊科Compositae蒿属Artemisia spp.植物，主要寄主作物为向日葵Helianthus annuus L.。该杂草在全世界向日葵产区普遍发生，主要集中在西班牙、土耳其、俄羅斯、乌克兰、哈萨克斯坦和中国等50多个国家[1]，近年来随着向日葵种植面积不断增加，向日葵列当已经蔓延扩散至新的区域[25]，成为向日葵田最难防治的杂草，对向日葵生产造成严重威胁。

自向日葵成为全世界主要油用作物以来，其种植面积和范围日益扩大，同时也导致了向日葵列当的大暴发。……