张威 徐锋

摘  要：随着人类社会的不断发展，对资源的需求日益凸显，尤其是对石油资源的需求，资源已成为进一步发展的重要制约因素。众所周知，海洋中蕴藏着大量的石油资源。当前，越来越多的国家都在进行海上石油勘探及开采活动，全球海上石油的年生产总量已突破40亿吨。我国作为一个海洋大国，近年来也不断加大海洋开发投入，在我国近海和南海布置了很多海上工程装备，加大海洋石油资源的开发力度，以降低能源的外部依赖程度。海洋石油的开采离不开水下作业，饱和潜水作业在海洋工程中有举足轻重的作用。饱和潜水支持船可以通过安装在母船上的生命支持系统和收放系统，将潜水作业人员下放至深达500米的海面下，进行水下作业。文章旨在通过对饱和潜水系统的冗余设计分析，为将来饱和潜水支持船的设计提供借鉴和参考意见，以最大程度地保证潜水员生命安全和提升水下作业效率。

关键词：饱和潜水系统;冗余设计;研究分析

中图分类号：U674 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-2945（2020）15-0081-03

Abstract： With the continuous development of human society， the demand for resources is becoming increasingly prominent， especially for petroleum resources， which have become an important constraint to further development. As is known to all， the ocean contains a large number of oil resources. Nowadays， more and more countries are carrying out offshore oil exploration and exploitation activities， and the global offshore oil production has exceeded 4 billion tons per year. As a large maritime power， China has been increasing its investment in marine development in recent years， laying out a lot of offshore engineering equipment in china's offshore and South China Seas， and increasing the development of offshore oil resources in order to reduce the degree of external dependence on energy. The exploitation of offshore oil can not be separated from underwater operation， saturated diving operation plays an important role in marine engineering. Saturated dive support vessels can carry out underwater operations by placing dive operators under the sea at depths of up to 500 meters through life support and LARS systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the design of future diving support vessels by analyzing the redundancy design of saturated diving systems， so as to maximize the safety of divers and improve the efficiency of underwater operations.

Keywords： saturated diving system; redundancy design; research and analysis

飽和潜水技术是目前世界上公认的可以进行安全的深海承压潜水技术，我国从上世纪80年代就引进了饱和潜水设备，用于海上石油开采。但是，由于技术和机会的缺乏，未能发展成熟，世界上大部分的饱和潜水作业仍由海外潜水公司垄断。目前国际市场上有90多艘饱和潜水支持船，其中约70%的船舶船龄超过20年，也就是说现有的饱和潜水支持船大多设备陈旧，设计落后，面临更新换代。……