赵海云 李海明 李津 胡建洪

摘要：钢板对接接头立焊是焊接的基本操作方法，以尺寸规格为300 mm×150 mm×12 mm 的20钢板件为例，采用2.5 mm的H08Mn2SiA实心焊丝通过钨极氩弧焊进行打底层的焊接，选用3.2 mm和4.0 mm两种规格的E5015焊条进行填充层和盖面层的焊接，介绍了板状试件立位氩电联焊的焊前准备、组对和定位焊接、打底层焊接及填充层与盖面层焊接的工艺要点，说明了避免缺欠的焊接操作技巧和注意事项。结果表明，采用合适的试件钝边角度、组对间隙和焊接角度运条方式等焊接参数，可以获得合格的焊缝。

关键词：对接接头;氩电联焊;焊接工艺

中图分类号：TG 444

Abstract：Vertical welding of steel plate butt joint is the basic operation method of welding. Take the 20 steel plate with the size of 300 mm × 150 mm × 12 mm as an example， use the 2.5 mm H08Mn2SiA solid core welding wire to weld the backing layer by argon arc welding， 3.2 mm and 4.0 mm E5015 electrode is used to filling and cover welding. This paper introduces the key points of the welding process of the argon electrowelding of the plate specimen in the vertical position， including the preparation before welding， the assembly and positioning welding， the welding of the backing layer and the welding of the filling layer and the covering layer， and explains the welding operation skills and precautions to avoid the defects. The results show that qualified welds can be obtained by using appropriate welding parameters， such as the angle of blunt edge of the specimen， the clearance of assembly and the way of welding angle.

Key words：butt joint;argon electrowelding;welding process

0 前言

氩电联焊是采用钨极氩弧焊与焊条电弧焊两种焊接方法进行组合焊接的简称[1]。钨极氩弧焊采用氩气保护，在高熔点的非熔化钨极和金属母材的焊接位置之间形成稳定电弧，具有保护效果好、焊缝质量高、焊件变形小、省去清渣工序等优点，而且熔池可见性好，便于观察和操作，可以获得成形美观的高质量焊缝，而且适合各种焊接位置。焊条电弧焊是最传统的焊接方法，适用于不同的平焊、横焊、立焊、仰焊等位置，但操作方法差别较大。氩电联焊多采用钨极氩弧焊方法进行打底层焊接，有时也用于第一层的焊接，以避免根部产生焊接缺欠，保证焊缝成形美观;然后用焊条电弧焊方法进行填充层和盖面层焊接，以提高焊接效率和节约焊接成本。目前，氩电联焊的工艺方法已在复合管道施工、油气集输干线工程、石油化工等行业的重要焊接结构件上得到广泛应用。……