秘鲁鱿鱼皮酸溶性胶原蛋白提取工艺优化及其特性
2020-03-30刘梦
刘梦



摘 要:以秘鲁鱿鱼皮为原料,通过单因素试验及响应面优化法得到秘鲁鱿鱼皮酸溶性胶原蛋白(acid soluble collagen,ASC)最佳提取工艺,并对ASC的理化特性进行研究。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为在4 ℃条件下,冰醋酸浓度0.47 mol/L、液料比24.5 mL/g,浸泡43 h后,ASC提取率为31.76%;紫外全波长扫描结果表明,所得ASC在231 nm波长处有最大吸收峰,符合Ⅰ型胶原蛋白特征;凝胶电泳分析表明,提取的ASC含有α1、α2和β链;拉曼光谱分析表明,所得ASC结构完整,三螺旋结构未受到破坏;ASC的相变温度为50.07 ℃。
关键词:秘鲁鱿鱼皮;酸溶性胶原蛋白;提取;蛋白特性
Abstract: The extraction of acid soluble collagen (ASC) from jumbo squid skin was optimized using one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology (RSM). Physiochemical properties of ASC were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the optimum extraction conditions that provided the maximum yield of ASC (31.76%) were determined as 4 ℃, 0.47 mol/L, 24.5 mL/g and 43 h for temperature, acetic acid concentration solvent-to-solid ratio and extraction time, respectively. The results of UV full wavelength scanning indicated that ASC had a maximum absorption peak at 231 nm wavelength, which was typical of type-Ⅰ collagen. In addition, the result of gel electrophoresis showed ASC contained α1, α2 and β chains. Moreover, Raman spectral analysis illustrated that the structural integrity of ASC was intact without any damage to its triple helical structure. The phase transition temperature of ASC was determined to be 50.07 ℃.
Keywords: jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin; acid soluble collagen; extraction; protein characteristics
秘鲁鱿鱼(Dosidicus gigas)为大洋性浅海种,属于茎柔鱼属,最大胴体长1.5 m,最大体质量40 kg,在秘鲁和智利沿岸及外海资源丰富,资源量700~1 000 万t。鱿鱼因其丰富的营养价值,深受消费者喜爱。目前,市场上的鱿鱼制品是将鱿鱼去皮、去头及去内脏后,加工成速冻产品或即食食品,而小部分加工副产物用以加工制作成动物饲料,其余大部分则被丢弃,造成资源浪费和环境污染。鱿鱼加工副产物中鱿鱼皮所占比重最大,约占鱿鱼总质量的10%[1-2]。鱿鱼皮中富含大量胶原蛋白,具有美容、调节免疫力、降血压、抗氧化等作用。
目前,有關鱼皮胶原蛋白提取的文献较多,尤其是罗非鱼[3-4]、鳕鱼[5-6]、马面鱼[7-8]等,有关鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取近年来也有报道。但鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白提取大多采用酶提法,得到胶原蛋白肽[9-10],采用酸提法得到酸溶性胶原蛋白(acid soluble collagen,ASC)且对提取条件进行优化的报道较少。
本研究采用酸提法提取秘鲁鱿鱼皮中的ASC,通过单因素及响应面优化法,确定鱿鱼皮中ASC的最佳提取工艺,并对所提取的ASC特性进行分析,以期得到提取率高、结构完整的鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白,为鱿鱼皮的综合利用提供理论基础,提升水产品副产物价值,减少资源浪费。……
