孙洪宇原丹妮周昊函孙连坤张大维

(吉林大学基础医学院,长春 130000)

[作者简介]孙洪宇(1995—),男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:病理生理学。 E-mail:1378617244@qq.com

[通信作者]张大维(1965—),男,研究员。 E-mail:dwzhang@jlu.edu.cn

Common health of humans and animals: One Health- a brief discussion on the management of experimental animal safety and national health

SUN Hongyu, YUAN Danni, ZHOU Haohan, SUN Liankun, ZHANG Dawei*
(Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China)

【Abstract】“One Health” is a health concept that aims to achieve common health for people, animals and the environment through the joint efforts of multiple disciplines at local, national and global levels.Its embryonic form first appeared in 18thcentury European comparative medicine.It has gradually matured in the 21stcentury after more than 100 years of development.Under the guidance of this concept, many countries and regions have adjusted the use of antibioticcontaining animal growth promoters and zoonotic disease prevention programs to varying degrees.This has achieved many positive result , showing that "One Health" has a positive impact on national health.In addition, because of the special nature of laboratory organisms, improper use may lead to biological accidents that could pose a huge threat to public health.Therefore, the elimination of safety hazards concerning laboratory organisms is an important part of achieving universal health.This article summarizes the development of " One Health" with respect to public health issues and safety management of laboratory organisms and discusses connotations of its application.

【Keywords】One Health；experimental animals；animal laboratory safety；zoonoses；antibiotic resistance

人类虽然有着与其他动物不同的特征,但从生物角度来看,人类也只是自然界诸多物种中的一种。 人和其他生物有很多共同的特征,而这些特征在论及某些健康问题时,如引起全世界关注的埃博拉病毒[1],人与动物是有着密切联系的。 近年来,抗药性疾病和新兴传染病对人类健康造成威胁,其中很多疾病的病因是抗生素耐药性细菌、人兽共患病原体等。 据统计,在新兴病原体中,有约占75%的是人兽共患病原体[2]。 每年排名前13 位的人兽共患病导致220 万人死亡和24 亿例疾病的发生[3]。为了维护人类、动物和环境的共同健康,“同一健康”(One Health)理念应运而生。 One Health 理念的定义是通过地方,国家和全球范围内的多学科的共同努力,来实现人,动物和环境的共同健康。

One Health 理念的雏形初现于比较医学。 当时的欧洲刚经历过十四世纪爆发的鼠疫和1613 年在南欧致死六万人的炭疽大爆发,医学工作者们开始关注人类健康和动物与环境的联系。 Sournia 在十八世纪对欧洲牛瘟的研究中将人类和动物的流行病与气候和地理条件联系了起来[4]。 其后细胞病理学之父Rudolf Virchow(1821-1902)和现代医学之父William Osler(1849-1919)发现了比较医学在医学研究中的重要性[5]。 Zinsstag[6]在1960 年首次提出了One Medicine 的理念,其说明了人类医学与动物医学的共性。 1975 年,世界卫生组织(WHO),国际兽疫局和联合国粮食及农业组织共同确定了兽医公共卫生的概念[7],这为现代One Health 的概念奠定了基础。……