我国优化营商环境政策研究
2020-01-08胡税根吴逍弛李超
胡税根 吴逍弛 李超
摘要:优化营商环境政策具有稳定市场预期、保护知识产权、优化政府规制和规范政府权力等功能。根据标志性事件和主要目标,我国优化营商环境政策發展可分为起步、探索、全面深化改革和高质量发展四个阶段。现阶段我国优化营商环境政策以“放管服”改革为重点,其实践主要包括推动营商环境便利化改革、市场化改革、法治化改革和国际化改革。目前,我国优化营商环境政策还存在法律制度滞后、部门条块分割、政府过度依赖自我评估、社会主体缺乏以及政府能力存异等问题。为此,我国应从完善法规体系、重视技术赋能、引入第三方评估、鼓励多元参与和推动标准制定等方面加快推动营商环境政策的完善。
关键词:营商环境;“放管服”改革;政策发展;政策评估
中图分类号:D63文献标识码:A文章编号:2095-5103(2020)23-0031-12
Policies Research on Chinas Business Environment
Hu Shuigen, Wu Xiaochi, Li Chao
Abstract:Policies of optimizing Business Environment have functions of stabilizing market expectations,protecting intellectual property,optimizing government regulations and regulating government power.According to the landmark events and main goals,the development of Chinas policies on optimizing Business Environment is comprised of four stages,including starting,exploring, comprehensively deepening reform and high-quality development.At this stage, Chinas policies to optimize the business environment focuses on the reform of“delegation,regulation,and service”.Its practices mainly include promoting trade facilitation reform,market-oriented reform,rule of law construction,and international trading system integration.Currently,problems remain on aspects of policy formulation,policy implementation,policy assessment,policy supervision and government capacity differentiation.For the improvement of Chinas Business Environment policies,further measures could be emphasized on rule of law construction,technology utilization,third-partyevaluation,multiagentparticipa-tion,and standards establishment.
Key Words:China;Business Environment;Policies Development;Policies Evaluation
营商环境是企业生存发展的土壤[1]。2017年,党的十九大报告指出,要“清理废除妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法,支持民营企业发展,激发各类市场主体活力”。2020年,党的十九届五中全会进一步指出,要“优化民营经济发展环境”,“破除制约民营企业发展的各种壁垒”以及“完善促进中小微企业和个体工商户发展的法律环境和政策体系”。根据世界银行的定义,营商环境重点关注企业在生命周期内适用的规制环境(Regulatory Environment)。优化营商环境的本质是优化政府规制环境,需要通过优化营商环境政策加以落实。改革开放以来,我国在鼓励私营经济发展、促进外商投资、改革行政审批制度和推动制度性对外开放等方面制定并颁布了一系列法律法规和政策,营商环境持续优化,各类市场主体不断涌现成长。……
