郭跃 洪婧诗 何林晟

摘要：已有公共服务动机的解释变量主要集中在公共服务提供者的“内心变量”，忽视了许多外部因素，如政策、制度环境等。本研究尝试拓展影响公共服务动机的解释变量，探讨公共服务者政策感知和公共服务动机之间的关系。根据政策工具的属性（激励型与约束型）以及时间维度（当前或未来），将政策工具分为四类：现期激励型、现期约束型、预期激励型和预期约束型。基于“公费师范生”——这一未来在教育领域提供公共服务的群体展开实证研究，通过用问卷调查的前后测，探讨公费师范生对不同类型政策工具的感知对公共服务动机的影响效果。研究结果表明公费师范生的政策熟悉度对公共服务动机有显著影响，并启示政府可以使用更多预期激励型的政策工具（如编制）来提升“未来公共服务提供者”的公共服务动机。

关键词：公共服务动机；政策熟悉度；公费师范生

中图分类号：G649.2文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-5103（2020）23-0020-11

The Policy Intervention Effect of Future Public Service ProvidersPublic Service Motivation

——Based on the Empirical Research of the Free Normal Education Students

GUO YueHONG JingsiHE Linsheng

Abstract：The existing researches of explanatory variables of public service motivation mainly focus on the "inner variables" of public service providers and ignore many external factors，such as policy and institutional environment.This study attempts to expand the explanatory variables affecting public service motivation and explore the relationship between public service providers policy perception and public service motivation.Based on the attribute （incentive or constraint） and time nodes （current or future） of policy instruments，this study divides policy instruments into four categories：current incentive，current constrain，expected incentive and expected constrain.This study is based on the empirical study of "free normal education students"，a group that will provide public service in the field of education in the future.Through the pre-test and post-test of the questionnaire survey，it explores the impact of perceptions of different types of policy tools on public service motivation.The results show that the policy familiarity of free normal education students has a significant impact on their public service motivation，and suggest that the government can use more expected incentive policy tools （such as bianzhi） to improve the public service motivation of "future public service providers".

Key words：public service motivation；policy familiarity；free normal education students

一、引言

百年大計，教育为本。可获得的高质量教育是人民生活改善、可持续发展目标顺利实现的基础。习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中提出，建设教育强国是中华民族伟大复兴的基础工程，必须把教育事业放在优先位置，深化教育改革，加快教育现代化，办好人民满意的教育。为进一步形成尊师重教的浓厚氛围，让教育成为全社会最受尊重的事业，2007年，国务院决定对教育部六所直属师范大学进行有条件的师范生免费教育。……