摘要：下田歌子是日本明治维新时期的教育家，是日本“良妻贤母”教育思想的集大成者。而家庭教育思想是其女子教育思想的重要组成部分。在家庭教育意义上，她强调了家庭教育对幼儿国民性养成、传承日本文化的重要作用;在家庭教育的目的上，她认为德育是其最终目的;在家庭教育内容方面，她强调既要培养幼儿健康之身体，又要培养幼儿的爱国情怀;在教育方法上，她强调要循序渐进、合理奖惩。这些富有特色的家庭教育思想不仅对日本家庭教育产生了重要影响，对当今我国的家庭教育也具有一定的启发意义。

关键词：日本;家庭教育;下田歌子

Abstract：Shimoda wutako was an educationist in Meiji  Restoration period of Japan， and he was the master of the education thought of "good wife and virtuous mother" in Japan. Family education thought is an important part of her female education thought. In the sense of family education：family education form， she stressed the important role of Japanese culture heritage to the children's national character.The purpose of education in the family， she thinks that moral education is the ultimate purpose. In the content of family education， she stressed that should not only cultivate children's healthy body， but also cultivate their patriotism. In education methods， she stressed the need to step by step， reasonable rewards and punishment. These characteristics of family education thought not only have an important influence on family education in Japan， but also have some enlightening significance to the family education in China today.

Key word：Japan;family education;Shimoda wutakao

家庭教育是人一生教育的起點，对人的性格养成、习惯培养有着不可替代的作用。下田歌子（1854—1936）是日本“良妻贤母”教育的集大成者，她在教育实践中认识到女子作为母亲在照顾家庭、教育子女中的重要作用。她的家庭教育思想是日本家庭教育思想的瑰宝。

一、论家庭教育的重要性

下田歌子认为，一国之人民，传承着本国的国民性。当其文化受到外来文化的冲击时，也应该保持国家固有的优秀的传统文化。而儿童便担负着传承民族文化的精神的重任。家庭教育是儿童教育的起点，对儿童的生活习惯和价值观养成具有不可替代的作用。父母作为儿童的第一任教师，对其传承民族文化精神的培养起着关键作用。儿童通过眼、手、耳、口、鼻等器官感受外部世界，在脑海中形成对外界事物的最初印象。……