肖鸿飞，范春利，许可，黄超，张娜

摘 要：以某型自卸车驱动桥桥壳设计为例，基于仿生学理论对桥壳后盖进行轻量化设计，实现降重并提高了桥壳中部离地间隙;桥壳内腔流线设计，降低铸造难度，提高零件质量;板弹簧座及反作用杆上支架的优化设计减少加工面积，降低能耗。采用Pro/E对桥壳进行三维建模，通过有限元计算与优化前现有模型进行对比分析，优化后的桥壳安全系数满足使用要求。

关键词：桥壳;仿生学;轻量化;优化设计

中图分类号：U463.218+.5  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1671-7988（2019）23-94-03

Optimization Design of Dump Truck Drive Axle Housing Based on Bionics Theory

Xiao Hongfei， Fan Chunli， Xu Ke， Huang Chao， Zhang Na

（ Commercial Vehicle Development Institute of FAW Jiefang Automobile Co.， Ltd.， Jilin Changchun 130011 ）

Abstract： Taking the structural design of the driving axle housing of a dump truck as an example， the back cover of the axle housing is lightweight designed based on bionics method， which realizes weight reduction and improves the clearance between the middle and the ground of the axle housing; streamline design of the inner cavity of the axle housing reduces the difficulty of casting and improves the quality of the parts; optimization design of the support on the plate spring seat and reaction bar reduces the increase. Work area， reduce energy consumption. Pro/E is used to build the three-dimensional model of the axle housing. By comparing the finite element calculation with the existing model before optimization， the safety factor of the optimized axle housing meets the requirements of use.

Keywords： Drive axle housing; Bionics; Lightweight; Optimal design

CLC NO.： U463.218+.5  Document Code： A  Article ID： 1671-7988（2019）23-94-03

前言

國家交通部门按照标准对车辆重量进行严格管制，超载情况减少，车辆趋于轻量化设计。轻量化车辆利于油耗降低、利于多装货物。驱动桥作为整车主要动力总成有必要进行轻量化设计，桥壳作为主要的承载件在轻量化设计时一定要保证其可靠性。本文在保证承载可靠的前提下对自卸车铸造桥壳基于仿生学理论进行优化设计，实现轻量化，达到降低厂家生产成本及用户用车成本的目的。

1 仿生桥壳设计方法

众所周知，具有曲线的外形、厚度又很薄、主要承受压力的结构在建筑上叫薄壳结构，鸡蛋就是典型的薄壳结构，见图1，人用一只手掌不借助外力很难将鸡蛋捏碎，当鸡蛋均匀受力时，可以承受34.1kg的力，其具有如此大的承受力，是与它特有的蛋形曲线有关。均匀的力来捏鸡蛋时，通过拱形蛋壳对力的传导，作用在鸡蛋壳上的大部分力是蛋壳自身之间的纵向挤压力，而它能够把受到的压力均匀地分散到蛋壳的各个部分。……