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中国家用轿车市场需求分析与仿真研究

2019-10-21张静,夏田

汽车实用技术 2019年23期

张静,夏田

摘 要:针对汽车行业日益激烈的供需矛盾及新能源汽车对市场冲击的影响,文章在调研有关家用轿车市场相关数据的基础上,建立了影响家用轿车需求量的系统动力学模型,运用anylogic软件进行建模仿真。通过2013——2018年的调研数据验证了模型的合理性,以此为基础,并分析了GDP、人口、油价、公路里程等相关变量对轿车市场需求的影响。仿真结果显示:国家的宏观调控政策对于轿车市场的影响较大,适当降低关税(5%左右的调整)、加大新能源汽车行业的鼓励政策和加紧环境政策的实施改善,有利于促进家用轿车需求量的增长。

关键词:家用轿车市场;系统动力学;anylogic;建模仿真

中图分类号:U461.99  文献标识码:B  文章编号:1671-7988(2019)23-231-04

Market Demand Analysis and Simulation Research of Chinese Family Car*

Zhang Jing, Xia Tian

( Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi Xian 710021 )

Abstract: In view of the increasingly fierce supply and demand contradiction in the automotive industry and the impact of new energy vehicles on the market impact, this paper establishes a system dynamics model that affects the demand for family cars based on research related data on the family car market, using anylogic software for modeling. simulation. Based on the survey data from 2013 to 2018, the rationality of the model was verified. Based on this, the impacts of GDP, population, oil price, highway mileage and other related variables on the market demand of the car were analyzed. The simulation results show that the country's macro-control policies have a greater impact on the car market, appropriately reducing tariffs (about 5% adjustment), increasing incentives for new energy vehicle industry and tightening the implementation of environmental policies, which will help promote family cars. The increase in demand.

Keywords: Home car market; System dynamics; Anylogic; Modeling simulation

CLC NO.: U461.99  Document Code: B  Article ID: 1671-7988(2019)23-231-04

引言

隨着中国经济的快速发展,从2013年的“产能不足”到2018年的“产能过剩”,中国汽车行业只用了短短5年时间。中国汽车工业协会公布的汽车行业产能调查报告[1]中称,根据对2018年度汽车产量占比超过98%的37家主要汽车企业的调查,2018年末已形成汽车整车产能3122万辆,其中,乘用车产能2575万辆,商用车产能547万辆。在产能利用率上,37家主要汽车企业乘用车产能利用率为81%,产能利用比较合理[2-3]。部分合资企业产销量近年来连续增长,目前产能利用率在85%左右,考虑到未来销量增长的可能,仍有扩产需求[4],而自主车企的产能利用率较低,部分车企的产能利用率不足50%,而产能利用率75%-80%才能达到盈亏平衡,故总体上自主车企因为产能仍面临亏损压力[5]-[7]。从调查结果上看,中国汽车行业已经出现产能利用不均衡的情况,产能结构性过剩显现。……

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