张东明 王皓 刘敏

摘要 主要选取1998—2017年杭州雷电观测资料，对雷电灾害特征进行分析，并提出了相关的安全防御对策。结果表明，杭州市近20年来雷电灾害总体呈显著增加的变化趋势，气候倾向率为84.444次/10年;杭州市雷电灾害在3—9月出现比较频繁，8月雷电灾害次数最多，12月和1月最少;杭州市夏季雷电次数出现最为频繁，春季次之，秋季较少，冬季最少。面对杭州雷电灾害多发的严峻形势，防雷技术人员应加强雷电监测、预警预报工作，科学指导群众采取雷电安全防御措施，定期开展防雷装置安全检测工作，从而有效防御雷电灾害，保障人民生命财产以及社会公共安全。

关键词 杭州市;雷电灾害;特征;安全防御

中图分类号：P429 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-3305（2019）05-099-02

DOI： 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2019.05.041

Characteristics of Lightning Disasters and Safety Prevention in Hangzhou

ZHANG Dong-ming  et al（Hangzhou Lightning Protection Safety Testing Co.，Ltd.，Hangzhou，Zhejiang 310000）

Abstract Based on the lightning observation data of Hangzhou from 1998 to 2017，the characteristics of lightning disasters were analyzed，and the relevant security countermeasures were put forward. The results showed that lightning disasters in Hangzhou had increased significantly in the past 20 years. The climatic tendency was 84.444 times per 10 years. The lightning disasters occurred frequently in March-September in Hangzhou，with the largest number of lightning disasters in August and the least in December and January. Hangzhou had the most frequent lightning frequency in summer，followed by spring，fewer in autumn and the least in winter. Faced with the severe situation of frequent lightning disasters in Hangzhou，lightning protection technicians should strengthen lightning monitoring，early warning and forecasting work，scientifically guide the masses to take lightning safety defense measures，and regularly carry out the safety detection of lightning protection devices，so as to effectively prevent lightning disasters，protect peoples lives and property and social public safety.

Key words   Hangzhou City;Lightning disaster;Characteristics;Safety defense

杭州为浙江省文化、科教、经济中心，长三角中心城市，地处长江三角洲南翼、杭州湾西端，境内主要为丘陵山地，也有少量平原、河谷分布。杭州处于亚热带季风区，属于亚热带季风气候，四季分明，降水量充沛。基于所处的地理位置以及气候影响，杭州特别容易形成强烈的雷暴天气，雷电灾害发生概率较高，对该地区电力工业、计算机网络、建筑物以及人民的人身安全等方面造成巨大威胁。因此，加强对杭州雷电灾害特征的分析研究，積极采取雷暴安全防御对策，对于减轻雷电天气现象造成的各项损失具有极其重要的现实意义。

1 杭州雷电灾害特征分析

1.1 年际变化特征分析

从图1可以看出，杭州近20年来共发生了2 047次雷电灾害，其年际变化差异比较大，整体上呈增加的变化趋势，气候倾向率为84.444次/10年，增加趋势特别显著。……