于芳健 王宏超 李璇 余克勤 梁丰 王晓霞

摘要 统计朝阳地区1990—2018年近30年农作物生长季期间冰雹、短时暴雨和雷雨大风3类高影响天气发生的时间、地点和强度，分析出时空变化特征。结果表明，冰雹呈自西向东逐渐减少趋势，凌源出现次数最多，6月为冰雹多发期;短时暴雨以北票出现次数最多，其次为凌源，7月和8月占总数的70%以上;雷雨大风以朝阳出现次数最多;3类天气主要集中时段均为午后至傍晚，日变化特征明显。

关键词 冰雹;短时暴雨;雷雨大风;气候特征;分析

中图分类号：P466 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-3305（2019）05-115-02

DOI： 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2019.05.049

Analysis on Climatic Characteristics of High Impact Weather in Chaoyang Growth Season in the Past 30 Years

YU Fang-jian  et al（Chaoyang Meteorological Bureau，Chaoyang，Liaoning 122000）

Abstract The time，location and intensity of hail，short-term rainstorm and thunderstorm and gale during crop growing season in Chaoyang area during 1990-2018 were analyzed，and the spatial and temporal variation characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that hail decreased gradually from west to east，and the occurrence of Lingyuan was the most frequent，and June was the hail-prone period. Short-term rainstorm occurred most frequently in Beipiao，followed by Lingyuan，accounting for more than 70% of the total in July and August. Thunderstorm and gale occurred most frequently in Chaoyang. The main concentration periods of the three types of weather were from afternoon to evening，with obvious diurnal variation characteristics.

Key words   Hail;Short-term rainstorm;Thunderstorm and gale;Climate characteristics;Analysis

冰雹、短時暴雨、雷雨大风天气在朝阳地区发生频繁，是生长季期间最主要的致灾天气，因其突发性强、移动速度快、破坏力大，很容易对处于生长季的农作物造成致命影响，更是给人民生命财产和安全带来严重威胁。国内很多专家[1-3]在雷达回波特征、天气型和动力参数等多个方面针对冰雹、雷雨大风、短时暴雨预报技术进行了深入研究，但是对相关气候特征研究较少。笔者通过对朝阳地区生长季中易发的这3类高影响天气气候特征进行统计，研究分析时空变化特征，以期相关部门和农户根据时空变化规律，提前做好应对措施，最大程度减少损失。

1 资料与方法

选取朝阳地区5个国家气象观测站（朝阳、北票、建平、凌源和喀左）1990—2018年5—9月地面观测历史资料，规定某站某日出现冰雹次数，则定义为该站当日冰雹次数;某站某日出现雷暴并伴有≥17 m/s大风，则定义为该站当日雷雨大风次数;某站某日出现短时暴雨≥20 mm/h，则定义为该站当日短时暴雨次数。……