摘要 根据河南省2007—2016年雷电灾害资料，分析了河南省123个县级行政单位的雷电灾分布特征，讨论了雷灾分布与地闪分布的关系，并从雷灾记录中提取了3个灾度指标，利用熵权综合评价模型对河南省123个县级行政单位的区域雷电灾情进行评估，对雷电灾害灾度空间分布做了等级划分。结果表明，2006、2007、2008和2011年为雷电灾害高发年份;全省的雷灾主要集中在6—8月，8月最多;城市的雷灾次数明显多于乡村地区;电力、通讯、石化、金融和文教为全省主要雷电灾害损失行业。综合灾情指数G分布反映了不同地区受雷电灾害的严重程度，其中焦作市区、济源市区、鹤壁市区、信阳市区、商水县、浚县、开封市祥符区（原开封县）和方城县为受灾较重的地区。该文为区域防雷减灾规划提供了科学依据。

关键词 雷电灾害;雷灾特征;灾度;熵权综合评价模型

中图分类号：P429 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-3305（2019）05-032-04

DOI： 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2019.05.015

Characteristics Analysis and Regional Damage Evaluation of Lightning Disaster in Henan Province

CHENG Li-dan（Henan Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center，Zhengzhou，Henan 450003）

Abstract According to the lightning data from 2007 to 2016 and disaster data in Henan Province，the distribution of lightning disasters in 123 counties of Henan Province was analyzed，and the relationship between the distribution of lightning disasters and ground flashes was discussed. Three evaluation indices were selected to present a comprehensive assessment for the lightning disasters in 123 counties of Henan Province，with the entropy weight synthetic evaluation model used for natural disaster assessment. Comprehensive disaster index G of 123 counties was divided into 4 levels. The results showed that 2006，2007，2008 and 2011 were the high incidence years of lightning disasters. Lightning disasters mostly occurred in June，July and August. Cities suffered from more lightning disasters than villages. Power，communication，petrochemical，financial and cultural industries were the main lightning disaster loss industries in Henan Province. The distribution of comprehensive disaster index G reflected the severity of lightning disaster in different areas. Jiaozuo City，Jiyuan City，Hebi City，Xinyang City，Shangshui County，Junxian County，Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City （formerly Kaifeng County） and Fangcheng County were heavy lightning disaster areas. This paper provided a scientific basis for regional lightning protection and disaster reduction planning.

Key words   Lightning disaster;Characteristics of lightning disaster;Disaster degree;Entropy weight synthetic evaluation model

雷电灾害是联合国公布的10种最严重的自然灾害之一，也是目前我国十大自然灾害之一，被称为“电子时代的一大公害”。近年来，随着社会经济的发展，以及耐压水平低、价值高的微电子设备的广泛应用，雷电危害造成的损失和影响也越来越大。据保守估计，我国每年因雷电灾害造成的直接经济损失达数亿元，而由此造成的间接经济损失则难以估计[1]。随着我国经济和现代化科学技术的飞速发展，雷电灾害所造成的社会损失也日益凸显，因此研究雷电灾害特征和进行灾情评估对于防雷减灾工作具有重要意义。……