吴梦琼 赵辉 邓梅 陈铁军 李雪莲 彭伟军

摘要 分析2018年娄底地区气温、降水、日照等气象要素，并阐述了发生的农业气象灾害及对粮食作物和油料作物生长的影响。2018年娄底市平均气温为17.9℃，较历年偏高0.7℃，各县市的平均年降水量为1 137.4 mm，较历年偏少281.7 mm，平均年日照时数为1 453.4 h，较历年偏少45.6 h，平均年积温为6 545.9℃，较历年偏多268.6℃。根据各气象要素的异常度结果，得出涟源和双峰的农业气候年型为高温年，其他县市均为正常年。总体来看，全市的农业气候条件前半年偏差，后半年较好，整体属于一般偏好年景。

关键词 气候评价;农业;气象条件;气候年景

中图分类号：S162.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-3305（2019）05-028-02

DOI： 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2019.05.013

Evaluation on Agricultural Climate of Loudi City in 2018

WU Meng-qiong  et al（Loudi Meteorological Bureau，Loudi，Hunan 417000）

Abstract The meteorological factors including temperature，precipitation and sunshine in Loudi area in 2018 were analyzed. The agrometeorological disasters and their effects on the growth of grain crops and oil crops were expounded. In 2018，the average temperature in Loudi City was 17.9℃，which was 0.7℃ higher than that in previous years. The average precipitation in Loudi was 1 137.4 mm，which was 281.7 mm less than that in previous years. The average sunshine time was 1 453.4 h，which was 45.6 h less than that in previous years，and the average accumulated temperature was 6 545.9℃，which was 268.6℃ more than that in previous years. According to the anomaly results of meteorological elements，it was concluded that Lianyuan and Shuangfeng were high temperature years in 2018，while other counties and cities were normal years. In 2018，the agroclimatic conditions in Loudi City were not good in the first half of the year，but better in the second half of the year. Generally speaking，the climate years harvest was generally better than previous years.

Key words   Climate assessment;Agriculture; Meteorological conditions; Climate years harvest

在全球變暖、极端天气事件增多的背景下[1-2]，2018年我国自然灾害以洪涝、台风为主，干旱、风雹、低温冷冻、雪灾等气象灾害也有不同程度发生。2018年我国平均气温明显偏高，春夏季气温创历史新高;全国降水量较常年偏多，其中北方偏多、南方偏少[3]。2018年度娄底地区的气候特点：年平均气温偏高，降水、日照偏少，气候条件对农业生产和人们生活较为有利;年内出现的低温冰冻、干旱、大风、暴雨、寒露风、连阴雨、暴雪、雾、霾等灾害性天气对人们生产和生活有一定不利影响。

1 气象要素分析

1.1 气温

2018年娄底地区各月平均气温与常年同期相比，除1、10、11、12月偏低外，其余各月均偏高。其中3月平均气温14.0℃，较常年同期显著偏高2.9℃，居1957年有观测记录以来同期第3高值;4月平均气温19.3℃，较常年同期显著偏高2.1℃，居1957年有观测记录以来同期第5高值;5月气温24.5℃，较常年同期异常偏高2.5℃，居历史同期第2高值，其中双峰5月极端高温达36.6℃，是继1991年以来又一历史高值（图1）。……