急性肺栓塞流行病学研究
2019-10-21黄文彬徐平曹灵红
黄文彬 徐平 曹灵红

摘要:目的 研究急性肺栓塞患者的流行病学特征。方法 收集2015年1月1日~2017年1月1日我院经CT肺动脉造影检查确诊肺栓塞患者的相关基本信息,描述其性别、年龄、易患因素、临床表现、PESI分级构成,分析发病时间分布特点,描述转归情况。结果 133例急性肺栓塞患者,男性81例,女性52例,平均年龄(69.12±12.90)岁;前5位易患因素分别为:老龄91例(68.42%)、浅静脉血栓形成57例(42.86%)、卧床3 d以上39例(29.32%)、慢性心力衰竭或呼吸衰竭34例(25.56%)、外科手术28例(21.05%);临床表现:呼吸困难96例(72.18%)、胸痛24例(18.05%)、(先兆)晕厥22例(16.54%)、咯血14例(10.53%);PESI分级:Ⅰ级13例(13.53%)、Ⅱ级43例(32.33%)、Ⅲ级44例(33.08%)、Ⅳ级14例(10.53%)、Ⅴ级(10.53%);时间分布:月分布及周分布无高峰点及高峰段,时刻分布高峰点为12时48分,高峰段为7时49分~17时47分;转归情况:好转95例(71.43%)、放弃治疗29例(21.80%)、转上级医院7例(5.26%)、痊愈1例(0.75%)、死亡1例(0.75%)。结论 通过对133例急性肺栓塞患者的流行病学特征研究,了解目前肺栓塞发病的易患因素、临床表现及时间分布特征,可以更好的指导临床工作。
关键词:肺栓塞;流行病学;时间分布特征
中图分类号:R563.5 文獻标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.18.034
文章编号:1006-1959(2019)18-0104-04
Abstract:Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Methods The basic information of patients with pulmonary embolism diagnosed by CT pulmonary angiography in our hospital from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2017 was collected. The gender, age, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, PESI grades were analyzed. Time distribution characteristics, describing the outcome of the outcome.Results There were 133 patients with acute pulmonary embolism, including 81 males and 52 females with an average age of (69.12±12.90) years. The top 5 predisposing factors were 91 elderly patients (68.42%),There were 57 cases (42.86%) with superficial vein thrombosis, 39 cases (29.32%) with bedridden more than 3 d, 34 cases (25.56%) with chronic heart failure or respiratory failure, and 28 cases (21.05%) with surgical operation. Clinical manifestations: dyspnea 96 Case (72.18%), chest pain in 24 cases (18.05%), (aura) 22 cases (16.54%), hemoptysis 14 cases (10.53%); PESI classification: 13 cases of grade I (13.53%), 43 cases of grade II ( 32.33%), 44 cases (33.08%) of grade III, 14 cases (10.53%) of grade IV,Grade V (10.53%); time distribution: monthly distribution and weekly distribution without peaks and peaks, time distribution peak point is 12:48, peak period is 7:49 to 17:47; outcome: improvement 95 cases (71.43%), 29 cases (21.80%) were abandoned, 7 cases (5.26%) were transferred to higher level hospitals, 1 case (0.75%) was cured, and 1 case (0.75%) died. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of 133 patients with acute pulmonary embolism can be used to understand the current predisposing factors, clinical manifestations and time distribution characteristics of pulmonary embolism, which can better guide clinical work.
肺栓塞是深静脉血栓形成所致并发症中可以危及生命的严重并发症,本研究发现,肺栓塞的主要易患因素包括老龄、浅静脉血栓形成、卧床3 d以上、慢性心力衰竭或呼吸衰竭、外科手术。一项关于肺栓塞发生率的Meta分析表明,在接受重大手术的患者中,在围手术期评估患者的易患因素及死亡风险是极其重要的,且尽早的对有主要易患因素的患者进行干预,可以减少肺栓塞的发生[10]。除此之外,在弱易患因素中,久坐可能引起潜在的静脉淤积,而高凝状态及血管内皮异常也是其发病机制的高危因素,但也有研究发现,高血压病史、糖尿病史、吸烟史对肺栓塞患者的死亡风险无显著相关性[11]。……
