基于司机操纵模式学习的列车节能自动驾驶研究
2019-06-08李国华刘尧黄晋刘炎
李国华 刘尧 黄晋 刘炎



摘 要:基于优秀司机运行记录数据,提出一种基于机器学习技术的列车节能优化驾驶方法架构,利用层次分解的思想结合集成机器学习方法从优秀司机的驾驶日志数据中挖掘出隐藏的优秀司机驾驶模式,分别对速度信息和档位信息进行学习预测,以实现列车节能优化自动驾驶决策,并选用实际铁路线路和机车数据进行了试验验证.试验结果表明,在保证列车安全、准点、平稳等约束条件下,本文列车节能优化驾驶方案相比司机平均水平可节能约7%.
关键词:列车操纵;节能优化;司机操纵模式;机器学习
中图分类号:U29-39 文献标志码:A
Study on Train Energy-efficient Automatic Driving
from Learning Human Driver Patterns
LI Guohua1,2,LIU Yao3,HUANG Jin3,LIU Yan3
(1. School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031,China;
2. China Academy of Railway Sciences Co Ltd, Beijing 100081, China;
3. School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: Based on the data of excellent driver's operation records,a framework of energy-saving driving optimization was proposed using machine learning technology. Hierarchical decomposition was applied to integrated machine learning method to excavate the hidden driving patterns from the driving log data of excellent drivers. The learning and forecasting of speed information and gear information were separately carried out to realize the automatic driving decision for energy-saving optimization of a train,and the actual railway lines and locomotive data were used for experimental verification. The test results show that under the constraints of ensuring the safety, punctuality and stability of the train, the energy-saving driving program of the train can save about 7% energy when compared with the average level drivers.
Key words: train operation;energy-saving optimization;driver patterns;machine learning
到2015年底,中國铁路的总营业运行里程已经达到12.1万公里,居世界第一位.与此同时铁路交通的能源消耗量大,仅2015年铁路的能源消耗折算成标准煤就高达1 569.47万吨,铁路运输已经成为我国交通运输中耗能最大的部门之一.在能源消耗方面,以内燃列车为例,目前在我国运营的内燃列车总量达到1.1万台以上,如果列车能够节能3%,预计全国可以节约燃油15.6万吨/年,节约资金约12.8亿元/年[1],同时也可以减少大量的碳排放.
由于铁路列车运行的特殊性,影响列车节能的因素众多,但当列车的运行交路、列车编组、运行图、限速、列车基本参数等因素确定之后,优化列车的操纵方式就是列车降低能耗的最有效方式.司机是列车的直接操纵者,司机的驾驶水平良莠不齐,在同一条线路同样列车参数……
