赵德峰　张鹏　钱风雷

[摘要] 本文以1例青年排球运动员急性髌骨脱位康复治疗为例，通过在急症期严格按照RICE原则进行处置；康复早期应用水疗进行关节活动度、本体感觉训练；康复中后期应用水疗进行本体感觉及力量训练；本体感觉训练按照从易到难、从单关节运动到多关节运动、从单平面到多平面进行训练；康复全程应用超声治疗，促进炎症消散和损伤组织的恢复；后期重视心理康复治疗，消除伤病恐惧感。通过上述手段进行综合康复训练14 d后，运动员的膝关节疼痛感消失，可正常参加比赛，20 d后膝关节力量等指标基本恢复至伤前水平。

[关键词] 排球；髌骨脱位；康复；本体感觉；水疗

[中图分类号] G841 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）09（b）-0164-04

[Abstract] In this paper， the treatment of one young volleyball player′s acute patellar dislocation is taken as an example. During emergency period， the treatment was done strictly according to the RICE principle. The joint activity and proprioceptive training were carried out by hydrotherapy during the early stage of rehabilitation. Proprioceptive training and strength training were carried out by hydrotherapy in the middle to late stages of rehabilitation. The training of proprioception was done based on training from easy to difficult， from single close movement to multi joint movement， from single plane to multi plane training. Ultrasonic therapy was applied during the whole course of rehabilitation to promote the elimination of inflammation and the recovery of damaged tissues. In the late stages of rehabilitation， psychological rehabilitation was applied to eliminate the fear of injury. After 14 days′ comprehensive treatment above， knee joint pain of the athlete disappeared， and he could take part in the match. After 20 days， the strength of knee joint and other indices recovered to the level before injury.

[Key words] Volleyball； Patellar dislocation； Rehabilitation； Proprioception； Hydrotherapy

髌骨脱位是指髌骨部分或完全脱出股骨髁间沟，滑到股骨外髁外侧，训练引起髌骨脱位较少发生。常在髌骨内外层力量不均衡和下肢力线发育不良基础上发生[1]。急性髌骨脱位的主要后果是髌骨内侧支持带复合体损伤[2]，临床研究发现，保守治疗髌骨内侧韧带损伤恢复时间约为2个月[3-6]。本病例因需参加四年一次的全运会，且距首场比赛只有10 d时间，如采用保守治疗会影响参赛。因此，根据患者个体特点和比赛要求，制订了一种针对青年排球运动员急性髌骨脱位的积极性康复方案，通过应用水疗、本体感觉恢复、超声治疗和心理康复治疗等多种治疗方法，14 d后，运动员疼痛消失，可上场比赛，达到预期目标。现将积极康复治疗过程总结如下，旨在为急性髌骨脱位的运动员提供一种快速康复干预方案。……