颈动脉支架置入术对不同年龄段的颈动脉狭窄患者血流动力学的影响
2018-12-21代鸣明苏庆杰于航龙发青吴映曼王德生王布飞高畅
代鸣明 苏庆杰 于航 龙发青 吴映曼 王德生 王布飞 高畅
[摘要] 目的 比較支架置入术(CAS)对不同年龄段颈动脉狭窄患者血流动力学的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2015年6月~2017年6月在海南医学院第二附属医院神经内科住院接受CAS治疗的50例患者的临床资料,按年龄分为3组:中年组(< 60岁)20例,老年组(60~< 80岁)18例,高龄组(≥ 80岁)12例。采用彩色多普勒影像(CDFI)联合经颅多普勒超声(TCD)测量各组CAS治疗前后颈动脉狭窄局部管径(D)、狭窄段收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、血管阻力指数(RI)及患侧大脑中动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、血管搏动指数(PI)、脑血管反应性(CVR),将术前及术后1周指标进行对比,并比较不同年龄组手术前后血流动力学变化程度。 结果 颈动脉狭窄患者行CAS术后,原狭窄处内径明显增宽,PSV、RI较术前明显降低(P < 0.05),患侧MCA的PSV、PI较术前升高,CVR明显改善(P < 0.05)。此外,中年组患者术后血流动力学改善最为明显,与老年组、高龄组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),中年与老年组比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 CAS在各年龄段治疗颈动脉狭窄都是有效的,但< 60岁组患者血流动力学改善明显。
[关键词] 颈动脉狭窄;颈内动脉支架置入术;年龄;血流动力学
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)09(b)-0058-04
[Abstract] Objective To compare the changes in cerebral hemodynamics after carotid artery stenting (CAS) at different ages. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical date of 50 patients who had been received carotid artery stenting in the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from June 2015 to June 2017. The patients were divided into three groups according to the age: middle age-group(< 60 years old, n = 20), older age-group (60-< 80 years old, n = 68), and advanced age-group (≥ 80 years old, n = 12). Color Doppler imaging (CDFI) combined with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was used to measure the local diameter of the narrow place of posterior carotid artery (D), the peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the narrow place, vascular resistance index (RI), the systolic peak velocity of the middle cerebral artery (PSV) in the affected side, the vascular pulsation index (PI) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) before and 1 week after CAS, and then all these data were compared before and after operation at different ages. Results After the carotid artery stenting, the diameter of the original stenosis was significantly increased, and the levels of PSV and RI were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The PSV and PI of the MCA in the affected side were higher than those before operation, and CVR was significantly improved (P < 0.05). Among the three groups, there was the most significant improvement of cerebral hemodynamics in middle age-group(P < 0.05). However, the changes in cerebral hemodynamics in older age-group was not significantly improved when compared with advanced age-group(P > 0.05). Conclusion CAS is an effective treatment in carotid artery stenosis in all the patients. Furthermore, the patients whose age < 60 years old have the most significant improvement in cerebral hemodynamics.
[Key words] Carotid artery stenosis; Carotid Artery Stenting; Age; Cerebral hemodynamics
颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是引起脑梗死的重要原因,其引起的脑梗死约占总数的20%,其发生机制包括斑块脱落造成远端脑动脉栓塞及脑血流动力学紊乱[1]。大量研究表明[2-3],颈动脉支架置入术(carotid artery stenting,CAS)因其创伤小、操作相对简单,已作为颈动脉狭窄所致缺血性脑卒中二级预防的重要手段在临床上得到广泛应用;随着年龄的增长,患者行CAS风险增大,往往认为获益减少,接受CAS治疗的意愿下降。对接受CAS治疗的患者术前和术后颈动脉及颅内血流动力学的观察,是临床评估和随访CAS疗效的关键。不同年龄段患者术后脑血流动力血改变是否相同,目前鲜见报道。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2015年6月~2017年6月海南医学院第二附属医院(以下简称“我院”)神经内科收治的并行CAS治疗的颈动脉狭窄患者50例。其中男32例,女18例;年龄47~85岁,平均(66.9±12.0)岁。年龄分组:中年组(< 60岁)20例,男14例,女6例;老年组(60~< 80岁)18例,男10例,女8例;高龄组(≥ 80岁)12例,男8例,女4例。临床表现均为脑梗死。纳入标准:①患者颞窗透过性好,利于经颅多普勒(TCD)监测;……
