摘 要 针对网络食品安全问题，分别构建网络平台与食品生产经营者合作一体化与各自独立时的经济利益优化模型，比较他们食品安全的相关决策，并在网络平台与食品生产经营者各自独立模式下对两者的行为策略进行博弈分析.结果表明：相比于各自独立，在合作一体化模式下网络平台设定的食品质量安全标准更低，食品生产经营者的食品供给量更大；在各自独立模式下，平台预期利润受食品安全问题负面影响更显著；网络平台与食品生产经营者合作一体化时，质量安全标准对两者合作的预期总利润影响相对较小.在各自独立模式下，若食品生产经营者供给不安全食品的“机会收益”不高于“机会损失”，供给安全食品与严格监管是食品生产经营者与网络平台的最优策略组合.

关键词 数量经济学；决策分析；博弈模型；网络食品安全

中图分类号 F724.6 文献标识码 A

Abstract For the network food safety problem， the optimization models of the economic interest under the cooperated integration and the independence of the network platform and the food production operator are built， their food safety decisions are compared， and the behavior strategy of the network platform and the food production operator in the independent mode is analyzed by the game theory. The results show that compared to their respective independence， the food quality and safety standards set by the network platform are lower， and the food quantity supplied by the food production operators is greater in the mode of the cooperated integration； the expected profit of the platform is affected by the food safety issues more significantly negatively in their respective independent mode； when the network platform is integrated with the food production operators， the quality and safety standards have relatively little influence on the expected gross profit. In their respective independent mode， if the ‘opportunity income is not higher than the ‘opportunity loss under the condition of the food production operator supplying unsafe food， the supply safe food and strict supervision is the optimal strategy combination of the food production operator and the network platform.

Key words quantitative economics； decision analysis； game model； the network food safety

1 引 言

近年来随着网络食品经销的日益兴起，网络食品安全问题的相关研究逐渐得到广泛关注.2017年1月国家食品药品监督管理总局组织抽检了炒货食品及坚果制品、酒类、食糖等6类食品500批次样品，其中5类质量安全标准不合格食品均来自京东、天猫和亚马逊电商平台销售渠道.2017年3.15曝光了跨境电商企业违规将日本核污染区食物带入中国境内售卖.2016年3.15“饿了么”事件曝光，反映了网络订餐食品安全的突出问题.这些表明：随着食品电商及网络购物的快速发展……