叶胜兰

摘 要：采用田间试验，研究叶面喷施铁肥对山地梨枣产量及品质的影响。结果表明，各处理的单果重均高于CK处理，其中0.7%FeSO4处理的单果重最大，为25.75g，其次是0.5%FeSO4处理，单果重为23.91g，分别较CK提高了41.2%和31.1%，两者均与CK差异显著（P<0.05），但两者间差异不显著。喷施0.5%FeSO4处理的坐果率和产量均最高，分别为16.16%和15016.98kg/hm2，分别较CK提高了9.26个百分点和51.0%，且与CK达到显著差异（P<0.05）。叶面喷施不同浓度铁肥能有效改善梨枣的品质。喷施0.5%FeSO4和0.7%FeSO4的果实含水量80.3%和80.5%，且均与CK达到显著差异（P<0.05）。喷施0.5%FeSO4的可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖、维生素C和总黄酮均显著高于其他处理，分别为20.75%、158.6mg/g、93.54mg/g、2.70mg/g和2.23mg/g，分较较CK提高了4.50个百分点、28.5%、45.5%、15.3%和51.7%。综合分析，喷施0.5%FeSO4的效果最佳，有利于提高枣园产量，改善梨枣的品质。

关键词：铁肥；梨枣；产量；品质

中图分类号 S665.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）14-0091-04

Effect of Foliar Application of Iron Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Pear-jujube

Ye Shenglan

（1Shanxi Provincial Land Engineering Constructiongroup Co.，Ltd，Xi'an 710075，China）

Abstract：In this research，field experiments were conducted to study the effect of foliar application of iron fertilizer on the yield and quality of mountain pear jujube.The results showed that the single fruit weight of each treatment was higher than that of CK treatment，in which 0.7% FeSO4 treatment had the largest single fruit weight，which was 25.75g，followed by 0.5% FeSO4，and the single fruit weight was 23.91g，which was 41.2% and 31.1 higher than that of CK，respectively. %，and significant difference with CK （P<0.05），but the difference between the two is not significant.The percentage of fruit set and yield after spraying with 0.5% FeSO4 was the highest，which was 16.16% and 15016.98kg/hm2，respectively，which was 9.26% and 51.0% higher than that of CK，and was significantly different from that of CK （P<0.05）.Foliar spraying with different concentrations of iron fertilizer can effectively improve the quality of pear-jujube.The water content of fruits sprayed with 0.5% FeSO4 and 0.7% FeSO4 was 80.3% and 80.5%，and both had significant differences with CK （P<0.05）. The soluble solids，total sugar，reducing sugar，vitamin C，and total flavonoids sprayed with 0.5% FeSO4 were significantly higher than other treatments，which were 20.75%，158.6mg/g，93.54mg/g，2.70mg/g，and 2.23mg/g，increased by 4.50 percentage points，28.5%，45.5%，15.3% and 51.7% compared with CK.Comprehensive analysis，spraying 0.5% FeSO4 has the best effect，which is beneficial to Zaoyuan to increase yield and improve the quality of pear-jujube.

Key words：Iron fertilizer；Pear-jujube；Yield；Quality

關于微量元素在我国农业生产中的应用已有70多年。微量元素的施用能显著提高不同果树的产量，改善品质。有研究表明，施用沼肥后苹果的产量显著提高，品质得到了明显改善，且不同浓度的沼肥的对苹果的改善作用不一，其中以施用50%沼液的效果最优。潘海发[2]等研究发现，在一定范围内随着叶面喷施硼肥浓度的增加，叶片中硼含量也逐渐增加。李玉华[3]等通过试验发现，在对库尔勒香梨基施氮磷钾并配施菌肥的情况下，能有效促进香梨的生长发育，同时能显著改善梨果的品质；通过施用菌肥，香梨的产量显著提高，其中最高达到了17.40%，从而增加了当地农民的种植效益，增值19080元/hm2，产投比达到了36∶1。陈静等[4]的研究发现，对金秋梨喷施不同浓度的钙肥，能有效降低梨果的发病率，同时改善金秋梨的外观品质和营养品质，如果个增大，果实中的Vc、糖含量等明显提高。但对于不同品质的果树，施用相同配比的微肥，对果实中矿质元素具有不同的影响。目前，对陕北黄土高原丘陵区喷施不同浓度微肥对梨枣的产量及品质的影响还处于初步探索阶段。为此，本试验以陕北黄土丘陵区的梨枣为研究对象，分析在滴灌条件下，基施氮、磷、钾并叶面喷施铁肥对山地梨枣增产效果及品质改善作用，以期得到有利于梨枣增产优质的最佳铁肥浓度，为提高该地区梨枣的产量和品质提供可靠的试验数据。……