黄长江 邓凯 周亮广 谷家川 袁慧慧

摘 要：以安徽省舒城县为例，构建居民点适宜性评价指标体系，综合利用空间分析和聚类分析等技术方法，探究适宜性分布状态。研究发现：（1）舒城县农村居民点布局适宜性等级整体较高，但区域差异较为明显，分布具有较高的地形指向和经济指向。居民点适宜性呈较强集聚格局，热点区分布表现为由舒城县中心城区四周呈梯度衰减，具有较强的稳定性和连续性，冷点区集中于晓天镇、五显镇、三七镇等外围山区；（2）通过聚类分析将行政村划分为4个类别，第1类占总行政村数量的31%，该类别居民点适宜等级较高，第2类占总行政村数量的23%，第3类占27%，第4类占19%，该类地区短板效应明显，在整治中需要有针对性改善。

关键字：居民点适宜性；空间分析；聚类分析；ArcGIS；舒城县

中图分类号 F301 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）14-0007-05

Rural Residential Layout Suitability Analysis and Optimization Countermeasures in Shucheng County

Huang Changjiang et al.

（School of Geographic Information and Tourism，Chouzhou University，Chouzhou 239000，China）

Abstract：Taking Shucheng County in Anhui Province as an example，taking the administrative village as a unit，by selecting 11 factors such as rational structure，production support，convenient life and reasonable space，using the spatial analysis to obtain the suitability of the settlements in each villageand then adopt the cluster analysis divides the residential suitability category，finally puts forward the reasonable optimization layout suggestion according to different categories. The findings are as follows：（1）The suitability distribution of settlements in administrative villages throughout the county shows the spatial heterogeneity pattern of “mezzanine”with northeast and central high，low southwest and dense areas. （2）The administrative villages are divided into four categories by cluster analysis，and the four categories are analyzed and evaluated respectively. （3）According to the different categories，we proposed the three kinds of development modes of moving the village and developing the characteristic industry mode，optimizing the mode of the merger and developing center village，and retaining the potential urbanization mode. The results can provide reference for the suitability analysis and layout optimization of rural residential areas in China.

Key words：Residential suitability；Spatial analysis；Cluster analysis；Shucheng County

1 引言

農村居民点是农村人口居住的场所，是农业劳动者在经济、政治、文化活动中的定居地[1-2]。近年来，随着城乡发展差距的不断扩大，全国农村出现了大量的空心村、闲置地和撂荒地[3-4]，农村居民点急切需要优化整合。中国农村居民点在地理环境和社会经济发展程度上存在着差异大、多样化、分散化等发展特征。对于居民点分布的特点采用差异化和有针对性的措施，不仅是农村居民点管理应坚持的基本原则之一[5]，也是实现农村居民点分类管理的基本依据和有效途径。

近年来，针对农村居民点的研究主要有：倪斌等利用ArcGIS针对不同海拔和不同道路缓冲区的居民点做定量分析[6-7]；……