波棱瓜子化学成分及抗肝病研究概况
2018-09-18黄元射毛景欣陈敏
黄元射 毛景欣 陈敏
【摘 要】 波棱瓜子是传统纯天然药物的藏药材,主要含有木脂素、香豆素、萜类、甾体、生物碱、有機酸等多种化学成分,其广泛分布于中国的西南部,尼泊尔和印度东北部等地。从国内外对波棱瓜子的化学成分、抗肝病药理作用进行概述,对于波棱瓜子系统的化学成分分析、新化合物的发现以及化学成分的药理作用研究具有重要的参考价值,为该药材的深入研究和合理利用提供参考依据。
【关键词】 波棱瓜子;化学成分;抗肝病; 研究概况
【中图分类号】R284 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517(2018)03-0048-05
Abstract:The ripe seeds of Herpetosoermum caudigerum Wall, which have been popularly known and used for the treatment of liver diseases, cholic diseases, and dyspepsia, is widely distributed in southwest China, Nepal, and northeast India. There are lignans, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, organic acids and some other constituents in Herpetosoermum caudigerum Wall. The research progress on its chemical constituents were summatized in this article, which provides an important reference for the exploration of novel compounds. The research progress on its chemical constituents and pharmacological effects were summatized in this article, which provides an important reference for the exploration of novel compounds and pharmacological effects.
Keywords:Herpetosoermum Caudigerum Wall; Chemical Constituent; Anti-hepatic ; Research Situation
藏药波棱瓜子 (Herpetospermum Caudigerum Wall),又称为塞美塞古、色吉美多、塞季美朵,松曲等[1] 。系葫芦科波棱瓜属波棱瓜的干燥成熟种子[2]。主要分布在西藏、云南、青海等地,印度、尼泊尔等国也有分布。其味苦、性寒,收载于《中国药典》2015年版第四部内[3-4]。现阶段认为波棱瓜子主要化学成分及药效成分为木脂素[5]。
1 波棱瓜子的化学成分
波棱瓜的主要化学成分包括木脂素、香豆素、油脂以及各微量元素,萜类、甾体类、生物碱、氨基酸、脂肪酸等成分;也有研究表明波棱瓜种子中含固醇类、苯喃类、黄酮类、倍半木聚糖的三聚物 [6-8]。
1.1 木脂素类 Kaouadji Mourad,张梅,徐冰等[6-21]从波棱瓜子中分得的木脂素包括:Herpetriol(1),Herpetetrol(2),Herpepentol(3),Herpetetradione(4),Herpetetrone(5),Herpetrione(6),Herpetone(7)Herpetol(8),Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(9),Herpetosin B(10),Herpetal(11),Herpetotriol(12),Herpepropenal(13),7,8′-didehydlroherpetotriol(14),Herpetin(15)3-Furanmethanol,4[(3,4-dimethoxyphenypl)methyl]tetrahudro-2-(4-hudroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-,(16)3,4-Furanmethanol,2[(3,4-dimethoxyphenypl)methyl]tetrahudro-5-(4-hudroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-,(17)Ent-isolariciresinol(18),Herpetenol(19),Herpetfluorenone(20),(+)-(7′S, 7″S, 8′R, 8″R)-4, 4′, 4″-trihydroxy-3, 5′, 3″-trimethoxy-7-oxo-8-ene[8-3′, 7′-O-9″, 8′-8″, 9′-O-7″], lignoid(21),(1S)-4-Hydroxy-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-ethyl]-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde(22)(-)-tanegool-7′-methyl ether(23)。
1.2 香豆素类 徐冰等[13]还分离出了Herpetospin C(24)、Herpetospin D(25)。张梅等[25]从波棱瓜子中分离出了Herpetospin A(26)、Herpetospin B(27)。4种化合物均为香豆素类化合物。
1.3 其他成分 张梅,李玉林,巩法强,杨黎彬等[23-28]从波棱瓜子中分离出萜类、脂肪酸、氨基酸、糖类、固醇等成分。至今为止,从波棱瓜子中……
