陈芬 余高 谭杰斌

摘 要：厌氧消化是处理有机废弃物一种主流工艺。在实验室自行设计有效容积为1L的厌氧反应装置中，对鸡粪、猪粪及牛粪进行高温厌氧消化试验，对3种畜禽粪便高温厌氧消化过程含固率（TS），总有机碳（TOC），C/N，pH值的变化及其与甲烷产生量的关系进行了测定与分析。结果表明：消化物料TS和TOC含量及C/N随消化时间呈下降趋势，30d厌氧消化后，鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪的TS含量分别下降了35.9%，23.2%和47.5%；TOC含量分别下降了42.7%、39.2%和61.5%；C/N分别下降了12.6、11.0、18.6。而pH随消化时间呈先下降后上升并趋于稳定的变化趋势。TS、TOC及C/N减少量均与甲烷累积产生量成正相关，牛粪产甲烷效果优于鸡粪，猪粪最差。研究结果可为提高畜禽粪便厌氧消化产气效率提供基础参数。

关键词：畜禽粪便；高温厌氧消化；产甲烷量；TS；TOC；C/N；pH

中图分类号 S216.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）13-0015-03

Abstract：Anaerobic digestion is a main technology for organic waste treatment.Thermophilic anaerobic digestion experiments of chicken manure，pig manure，and cattle manurewere carried out in anaerobic reaction device of 1 L working volume.The total solid（TS），total organic carbon（TOC），C/N，and pH value were measured in the process of thermophilic anaerobic digestion and their relationships with methane production were analyzed.The results showed that TS、TOC，and C/Nof the digestion materials were decreased gradually with digestion time.TS contents of chicken manure，pig manure，and cattle manure declined by 35.9%，23.2%，and 47.5%respectively，TOC contents decreased by 42.7%，39.2%，and 61.5% respectively，and C/N declined by 12.6，11.0，and 18.6 respectively after 30 d anaerobic digestion.But pH valueswere deceased first and then increased and later to a constant valuein different treatments as digestion time want on.The losses of TS，TOC，and C/N all positively correlated to thetotal methane production.The methane production of cattle manure was better than that of chicken manure，and the pig manure was the worst.The resultsof this studycan providebasic parameters support for increasinggas-producing efficiency of livestock and poultry manure in anaerobic digestion.

Key words：Livestock and poultry manure；Methane production；Thermophilicanaerobic digestion；TS；TOC；C/N；pH

厌氧消化处理有机废弃物具有能耗小、剩余污泥少、可回收能源等优点，是有机固体废物处理处置方向之一[1]。厌氧消化处理畜禽粪便不仅是一项清洁能源的生物质工程[2]，而且是减轻环境污染、发展生态农业的重要纽带[3]。近20年来，我国的肉类、奶类和禽蛋产量以6%～10%的速度递增，从而导致畜禽粪便量激增[4]。目前，中国年产生量超过20亿t的粪便已成为农业面源污染的主要污染源[4]。但畜禽粪便经厌氧消化后，碳素大量转化为CH4和CO2气体而减少，氮、磷等元素更多地保留在沼液和沼渣中[5]，直接排放会引起环境的二次污染，而农田利用是消纳沼液和沼渣的有效方式[6]。……