关于传统中药槟榔生物活性的研究进展
2018-09-17栾剑陶晓月
栾剑 陶晓月
摘 要:槟榔为我国“四大南药”之首,其应用广泛,药用价值极高,在我国中医药中的应用已经超过1000年。槟榔含有多种活性成分,如生物碱、脂肪酸、多酚类物质等,这些活性成分使槟榔在提神醒脑、提高耐力、抗寒、抗饥饿以及提高工作效率等方面发挥着重要作用,此外还有促进肠胃活动、抑制细菌滋生、驱除寄生虫等功效。因此,东南亚各国及我国台湾和湖南等省都有嚼食槟榔的风俗习惯。2004年国际癌症研究中心认定槟榔为一级致癌物,因此如何趋利避害,最大程度的发挥槟榔活性成分的药效,避免毒副作用的研究也成为了科学家们研究的重点。该文整理并归纳了近期发表的有关槟榔的生物活性的研究进展,为以传统中药为基础的新药研发提供理论依据。
关键词:槟榔;生物活性;毒理作用
中图分类号 R28 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2018)13-0008-04
Abstract:Areca catechu is the most important one of ‘four southern traditional Chinese medicines,its application in herbal medicine in China over one thousand years.Areca can be used as a medicine with various active ingredients,such as the arecoline,fatty acids,phenolic substances.It can be used for insecticide,antiseptic,refreshing,and playing an important role in promoting gastrointestinal activities,treating glaucoma,and so on.Though areca is a kind of widely used traditional Chinese medicine,in recent years,areca has been reported as a carcinogen.So,how to avoid disadvantages,reduce side effects of this research is the focus of the scientists.This paper have collected the pharmacological effect and toxicology of areca,summarizes the development in recent years.In order to draw attention to areca,we introduced the pharmacological activity of areca,and provided a theoretical basis for the research and development of new drugs based on traditional Chinese medicine.
Key words:Areca catechu L.;Biological activity;Toxicological effect
槟榔(Areca catechu L.)多产于印度、马来西亚以及我国的台湾和海南等地,据考证,我国在汉代就已引种槟榔,迄今已逾2000余年的历史。槟榔是我国“四大南药”之首的药材,有“杀虫消积,降气,行水,截疟”之功效,仅《中国药典》收录的以槟榔为原材料的中药古方就达51种,在我国传统中药中的应用十分广泛。
因槟榔含有生物碱、多酚和脂肪酸等活性化学物质,故可用于治疗虫积、食滞、肠腹胀痛、水肿脚气、里急后重等症,因此,我国的湖南、海南、福建、云南、台湾等省及东南亚一带的菲律宾、印度、印尼、越南等国家都有嚼食槟榔的风俗,因其具有成瘾性,因此每年在世界范围内消费量巨大,是世界排名第四的嗜好品。……
