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股神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻在老年患者膝关节置换术中的临床应用

2018-08-31黄剑杭

中外医疗 2018年13期
关键词:老年

黄剑杭

[摘要] 目的 观察股神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻對接受膝关节置换术的老年患者的临床效果。 方法 方便选择2016年2月—2017年12月该院收治的72例接受膝关节置换术的老年患者,将其随机分为对照组(接受气管插管全麻)和试验组(接受股神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻)各36例,记录并比较两组患者术前和术中的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、意识恢复时间、拔管时间、术后6、24 h和48 h的疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分。结果 较之对照组患者,试验组患者术中各期的HR、MAP、意识恢复时间、拔管时间、术后6、24、48 h的VAS评分均显著降低[(81.8±10.4)次/min vs (89.1±12.2)次/min,t=2.972;(78.8±10.5)次/min vs(87.3±11.7)次/min,t=3.322;(80.4±11.6)次/min vs (87.8±13.3)次/min,t=3.275;(81.9±10.8)次/min vs (92.1±12.7)次/min,t=4.022;(90.1±11.7)mmHg vs (98.6±12.1)mmHg,t=3.411;(89.8±10.3)mmHg vs (103.2±13.9)mmHg,t=4.421;(90.1±10.9)mmHg vs(96.9±12.3)mmHg,t=3.731;(90.7±9.3)mmHg vs(104.4±13.6)mmHg,t=4.864;(6.97±2.13)min vs (13.61±5.87)min,t=4.231;(8.68±3.41)min vs (17.72±7.37)min,t=4.672;(1.45±0.33)分vs (1.61±0.47)分,t=2.863;(2.68±0.71)分 vs (4.72±1.37)分,t=3.426;(2.19±0.78)分 vs (3.12±1.06)分,t=3.211;P<0.05]。 结论 股神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻对于接受膝关节置换术的老年患者麻醉效果理想、可有效降低患者术中应激反应和维持血流动力学稳定,具有很高的临床推广价值。

[关键词] 股神经阻滞;喉罩全麻;膝关节置换术;老年

[中图分类号] R5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)05(a)-0029-03

Clinical Application of Femoral Nerve Block Combined with Laryngeal Mask General Anesthesia in the Knee Joint Replacement of Senile Patients

HUANG Jian-hang

Department of Anesthesia, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007 China

[Abstract] Objective To observe the clinical effect of femoral nerve block combined with laryngeal mask general anesthesia in the knee joint replacement of senile patients. Methods 72 cases of senile patients with knee joint replacement admitted and treated in our hospital from February 2016 to December 2017 were convenient selected and randomly divided into two groups with 36 cases in each, the control group received the tracheal intubation general anesthesia, while the test group received the femoral nerve block combined with laryngeal mask general anesthesia, and the HR, MAP, awareness recovery rate, tube drawing time, VAS scores in 6, 24 h and 48 h after surgery of the two groups were recorded and compared. Results Patients compared with control group, experimental group patients during the operation periods of HR, MAP, consciousness recovery time and extubation time, postoperative 6, 24, 48 h VAS scores were significantly reduced [(81.8±10.4)times/min vs (89.1±12.2)times/min, t=2.972; (78.8±10.5)times/min vs (87.3±11.7)times/min, t=3.322; (80.4±11.6)times/min vs (87.8±13.3)times/min, t=3.275; (81.9±10.8)times/min vs (92.1±12.7)times/min, t=4.022; (90.1±11.7) mmHg vs (98.6±12.1) mmHg, t=3.411; (89.8±10.3) mmHg vs (103.2±13.9) mmHg, t=4.421; (90.1±10.9) mmHg vs ( 96.9±12.3) mmHg, t=3.731; (90.7±9.3) mmHg vs (104.4±13.6) mmHg, t=4.864;(6.97±2.13) min vs (13.61±5.87) min, t=4.231; ( 8.68±3.41) min vs (17.72±7.37) min, t=4.672; (1.45±0.33)points vs (1.61±0.47)points, t=2.863; (2.68±0.71)points vs (4.72±1.37)points, t=3.426;(2.19±0.78)points vs ( 3.12±1.06)points, t=3.211; P<0.05]. Conclusion The application effect of femoral nerve block combined with laryngeal mask general anesthesia in the knee joint replacement of senile patients is ideal, which can effectively reduce the stress reactions of patients and maintain the stability of hemodynamics, and it is of extremely high clinical promotion value.

[Key words] Femoral nerve block; Laryngeal mask general anesthesia; Knee joint replacement; Senile

膝關节置换术被公认为晚期膝关节病变的主要治疗方法,但其创伤较大、耗时较长、加之患者多为老年人,对麻醉和手术的耐受性较差,大大增高了患者出现血流动力学不稳定和应激反应等术中、术后不良反应的风险[1]。因此,寻找一种效果肯定、安全性高的麻醉方法已成为临床工作的当务之急。近年来,神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻被应用于膝关节置换术,并得到越来越多医务人员的肯定[2]。该研究观察了股神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻对2016年2月—2017年12月该院收治的72例接受膝关节置换术的老年患者的临床效果,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

方便选择该院收治的72例接受膝关节置换术的老年患者,其中男44例,女28例,年龄65~84岁,平均(67.37±11.38)岁。纳入标准:①≥60 岁;②美国麻醉协会(ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ级;③经过医院伦理委员会批准,所选患者及家属均知情同意参与该研究。……

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