王艾平 李蓉 史春梦 王军平 冉新泽 徐辉 粟永萍 程天民

[摘要] 目的 探討从教学内容、师资和教学模式3个层面构建新策略提高核应急医学救援课程的教学效果。 方法 将2016年3月1日～7月30日第三军医大学2012级临床医学专业五年制本科大学4年级150名学员，采用随机数表字法分为对照组（72名）和实验组（78名），同期分别采用传统教学法和新策略实施核应急医学救援课程教学。采用闭卷笔试成绩和实践训练评分分析教学效果。 结果 课程理论内容笔试成绩显示，实验组学员的个人防护、现场救援流程与技术规范专题得分和总成绩均显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。实践演练评分结果表明，实验组在辐射防护、现场急救、去污洗消3个方面的能力评分和总评分均显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论 选用理论与实践兼顾的内容体系、优秀师资和综合应用教学法的新策略可有效提升学员学习核应急救援理论的效率，增强实际操作能力，提高核应急医学救援课程的教学效果。新策略值得在相关学科教学中进一步发展推广。

[关键词] 核应急；医学救援；教学策略；训练；效果

[中图分类号] R82 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）05（c）-0174-05

Innovative strategies of enhancing teaching effect on medical rescue of nuclear emergency and its implementation

WANG Aiping LI Rong SHI Chunmeng WANG Junping RAN Xinze XU Hui SU Yongping CHENG Tianming

Department of Radiation Medicine， College of Preventive Medicine， the Third Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Trauma， Burn and Combined Injury， Chongqing 400038， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of novel strategies composed of perfect teaching content， excellent teachers and better teaching methods on improving the teaching quality of medical rescue of nuclear emergency. Methods From March 1st to July 30th， 2016， 150 clinical-medicine students at Grade 2012 from Third Military Medical University were divided into control group （n = 72） and experiment group （n = 78） by random number table method. The traditional-teaching methods and the innovative strategies were respectively applied to control group and experiment group to learn emergency medical rescue of nuclear radiation. Score statistics of closed-paper examination and practice-training evaluation were used to analyze teaching effect. Results Compared with those of control group， the theoretical written-test scores in personal protection， on-site rescue process & technical specification and total scores of experiment group were significantly high， the differences were statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Also， the experiment group students′ scores on field radiation prection， first aid on the spot， decontamination & washing and total practice essessment were obviously higher than those of control group students， the differences were statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The innovative strategies， with characteristics of perfect teaching-learning content habouring theory and pactice， excellent teachers and comprehensive application of teaching-learning methods， can effectively upgrade students′ learning ability to master nuclear emergency rescue theory， enhance their operational competence in medical rescue， and improve the teaching-learning quality of medical rescue of nuclear emergency.

[Key words] Nuclear emergency； Medical rescue； Teaching strategy； Descipline； Effect

核能已成为我国优先发展的重要领域之一[1]。近年来，我国核工业发展迅速，核辐射技术已在工农业和医药等领域中广泛应用，意味着核辐射事故的潜在风险增高[2-6]。为确保民众安全，提高核应急医学救援的教学水平，提升我国应急救援队伍的备战能力和救援水平具有十分重要的现实意义[7]。目前，我国仅有数所大学开展核医学相关课程，专业人才培养数量和质量均不能满足国家核应急救援保障需求[6，8-9]。由于尚缺乏統一教材、训练方法及救援能力评估标准等原因，在校学生和医务工作者的核基础理论和应急救援技能都急需进一步提高[10-13]。基于核事故发生的新态势，构建提高核应急医学救援教学效果的新策略具有客观必要性。……