心房颤动发病机制的研究进展
2018-08-31王增夏王贺邱承杰司春婴赵亚楠关怀敏解金红
王增夏 王贺 邱承杰 司春婴 赵亚楠 关怀敏 解金红
[摘要] 心房颤动(简称房颤)是临床上最常见的心律失常之一,目前,其发病机制尚未完全清楚,本篇主要从房颤的电生理机制(局灶触发机制、多发子波折返等)和病理生理机制(电重构、收缩重构、结构重构等)出发对房颤的可能发病机制进行综述,以期为房颤的预防和治疗提供依据或方向。
[关键词] 心房颤动;发病机制;电重构;结构重构;炎症;氧化应激
[中图分类号] R541.75 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)05(c)-0026-04
Research progress on pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation
WANG Zengxia1 WANG He2 QIU Chengjie2 SI Chunying2 ZHAO Ya′nan1 GUAN Huaimin3 XIE Jinhong2
1.The First Shool Clinical Medicine, He′nan University of Chinese Medicine, He′nan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China; 2.the Third Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of He′nan University of Chinese Medicine, He′nan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China; 3.Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of He′nan University of Chinese Medicine, He′nan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
[Abstract] Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia diagnosed in clinical practice. Now, precise mechanisms that lead to the onset and persistence of AF have not completely been elucidated. This paper mainly from the electrophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (including focal triggering mechanism, multiple wavelet hypothesis, etc.) and pathological physiological mechanism (electrical remodeling, contraction remodeling,structural remodeling, etc.) explain the possible pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation, in order to provide the basis or direction for the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation.
[Key words] Atrial fibrillation; Pathogenesis; Electrical remodeling; Structural remodeling; Inflammation; Oxidative stress
心房顫动(简称“房颤”)是临床上最常见的心律失常,流行病学调查显示我国目前房颤患病率为0.77%[1],随着全球老龄化,预测房颤到2050年将影响美国600万~1200万人口,到2060年将影响欧洲1790万人口[2],房颤给人们的生活带来了巨大的经济负担,房颤患病率的增加,加大了患者的死亡风险。在心血管疾病中,房颤是心功能不全、脑卒中等疾病的独立危险因素,房颤及其并发症,严重威胁人类生存及健康,抗心律失常药物治疗房颤的效果不理想,射频消融手术有其局限性,因此对房颤发病机制的深入研究意义重大,将为房颤的治疗创新提供充分的理论依据。本文结合近些年的研究,对房颤的发病机制进行综述。
1 电生理机制
房颤的发生需要维持基质和触发因素,诸多学者提出种种假说,来说明房颤发生和维持的电生理学机制,目前提出维持和触发房颤的机制包括局灶触发机制、多发子波折返、局灶激动、rotor学说[3]。①局灶触发机制的异位兴奋灶主要存在于肺静脉,肺静脉异常电活动可触发房颤。……
