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乡土植物在植被修复中的作用

2018-08-25王孜任海彦

湖北农业科学 2018年10期

王孜 任海彦

摘要:植被修复是生态建设的重要内容之一,修复方式有多种,人工种植是一种快速方式,许多研究者和企业选用特殊的植物来修复一个地区的植被。调查发现,乡土植物在当地经历了较为漫长的演化过程,最适应当地的生境条件,具有较强的抗逆性,而且成本低、种类多、易栽培,在生态建设中具有其他植物不可替代的优势。通过对应用乡土植物进行植被修复的成功案例调查分析,表明乡土植物在南北方草原生态修复、矿山植被修复、边坡植被修复过程中具有广阔的应用前景,不仅具有极高的观赏价值,而且在植被修复中体现出极强的适应性、稳定性与持久性。

关键词:乡土植物;植被修复;生态建设

中图分类号:X171.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)10-0083-05

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.10.020

The Role of Native Plants in Vegetation Restoration

WANG Zi,REN Hai-yan

(College of Agro-Grassland Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

Abstract: Vegetation restoration is one of the important contents of ecological construction, there are variety ways of restoration, among which artificial planting a fast method. Special plants are often chose by the researchers and companies for the vegetation restoration. A series of surveys has found that native plants are the fittest to the local habitat conditions after long evolutionary process, as they have strong resistance, low cost, variety and are easy to cultivate, thus have incomparable advantages over other plants in the ecological construction. According to the successful application cases of native plants for vegetation restoration, it was suggested that native plants has broad application prospects in the grassland ecological restoration, mining vegetation restoration and slope vegetation restoration. They have high ornamental value as well as strong adaptability, stability and durability.

Key words: native plants; vegetation restoration; ecological remediation

根据第二次全国土地侵蚀遥感调查结果,中国水土流失面积为356万km2,沙化土地174万km2,每年流失的土壤总量达50亿t,全国113 108座矿山中,采空区面积约为134.9万hm2,采矿活动占用或破坏的土地面积为238.3万hm2,造成植被破坏十分严重。所谓植被是指在地表覆盖的植物群,通常指一片植物[1],是一个地区植物群落的总体[2]。随着气候环境的不断变化以及人为活动的严重干扰,中国的植被退化速度在逐年增长,而一个地区的植被覆盖率严重影响着该地区的水土流失程度,影响着该地区的生态环境,所以说恢复植被是恢复一个地区生态环境的重要前提。对于某一地区的生态环境而言,生态修复主要指致力于那些在自然突变和人类活动影响下受到破坏的自然生态系统的恢复与重建工作[3]。……

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