夏永桉 刘晔

摘 要：为了研究网球拍线径对击球速度、控制性和持拍臂肘关节所造成的影响，揭示网球拍线径在击球过程中可能造成持拍前臂肘关节运动性损伤的原因。15名网球国家2级运动员作为被试者，通过对不同线径（18号1.15 mm和16L 1.25 mm）的网球拍线进行现场正手击球测试。研究结果发现，网球拍线径会对底线击球效果产生影响，其中对击球速度产生显著影响，线径较细的18号聚酯线的击球速度显著快于线径较粗的16L聚酯线，且18号聚酯线击球控制性的总体趋势要高于16 L聚酯线的击球控制性。网球拍线径会对持拍臂造成一定的影响，具体表现为对持拍臂的肌电峰值、均方根值（RMS）及放电时程的影响，其中对肱桡肌的影响最为显著。使用16 L聚酯线拍击球时，为更好地实现对球的控制，过多动用了持拍臂桡侧腕屈肌、旋前圆肌及桡侧腕长伸肌参与运动，这些肌肉的过度使用可能导致持拍前臂肘关节的损伤。

关 键 词：运动生物力学；网球拍线径；底线击球效果；肌电峰值；均方根振幅；放电时程；持拍臂肘关节

中图分类号：G804.6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2018）03-0134-06

Abstract： In order to study the effects caused by tennis racket string diameters to the ball hitting speed， controllability and the elbow joint of the racket holding arm， and to reveal the cause for athletic injury of the elbow joint of the racket holding forearm， possibly caused during ball hitting， the authors selected 15 national level two tennis players as the testees， and tested their forehand ball hitting on the court with the use of tennis racket strings of different diameters （No. 18： 1.15mm and 16L： 1.25mm）. Research results： racket string diameters would produce effects on the baseline ball hitting effect， in which they produced a significant effect on the ball hitting speed， the ball hitting speed of the No. 18 polyester string with a smaller diameter was significantly faster than that of the 16L polyester string with a bigger diameter， and the overall trend of the ball hitting controllability of the No. 18 polyester string was higher than the ball hitting controllability of the 16L polyester string； racket string diameters would caused certain effects on the racket holding arm， specifically showing their effects on the myoelectricity peak value， root mean square value and discharge duration of the racket holding arm， in which their effect on the brachioradialis was the most significant； when the 16L polyester string was used for ball hitting， in order to better realize control over the ball， the flexor carpi radialis， pronator teres and extensor carpi radialis longus of the racket holding arm were overly mobilized to involve in movement， the overuse of these muscles may cause the injury of the elbow joint of the racket holding forearm.

Key words： sports biomechanics；tennis racket string diameter；baseline ball hitting effect；myoelectricity peak value；root mean square amplitude；discharge duration；elbow joint of the racket holding arm

作為网球拍必不可少的核心成分，网球拍线对网球运动的重要性可想而知，但却未因此而得到人们足够的重视。网球运动员可能更多地只是凭着自己的经验或者爱好选购网球拍线，觉得聚酯线的使用寿命长、耐磨和击球控制性好，并且普遍更青睐于该材质网球拍线径较细，认为该线的击球体验更好、击球感觉更舒适，但却没有得到相关的科学理论依据与指导建议。……