高俊 付春艳 李雨 邓雪峰

摘 要：以我国3名速度滑冰长距离项目优秀女运动员赴加拿大训练为研究对象，对训练成效展开研究。结果表明：我国速度滑冰长距离项目优秀女运动员赴加拿大训练在体能、技术和竞技成绩方面均有明显提升，分别达到或超过了原有最佳水平。我国运动员赴加拿大训练之所以取得成功，主要源于加方教练在体能训练中以有氧训练为主，以低有氧、混氧、无氧训练为辅的训练供能结构和以中低强度为主，以高强度为辅的负荷训练结构；技术训练成效在于改进、优化技术动作，注重技术动作效能；竞技成效在于训练把控严谨。为此提出提高对速度滑冰长距离项目运动特征和制胜规律的认识；借鉴先进训练理念，优化、改进我国速度滑冰长距离项目训练和提高训练科学化水平等建议。

关 键 词：运动训练；速度滑冰长距离项目；优秀女运动员；加拿大训练

中图分类号：G862.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2018）03-0129-05

Abstract： Based on 3 excellent Chinese long distance speed skaters trained in Canada as research subjects， the authors studied the training achievements， and revealed the following findings： the excellent Chinese long distance speed skaters trained in Canada had significant improvement in terms of stamina， technology and competition performance， achieved or exceeded their former best performance respectively. The reason for the success of the Chinese skaters trained in Canada was mainly due to that during stamina training the Canadian coaches used the training energy supply structure that bases mainly on aerobic training and secondly on low aerobic， mixed oxygen and anaerobic training， as well as the load training structure that bases mainly on medium and low intensity and secondly on high intensity； technical training achievements were embodied in improving and optimizing technical movements， and focusing on technical movement efficiency； competition achievements were embodied in controlling training precisely. Therefore， the authors put forward the following proposals in order to provide reference： refer to advanced training conceptions； optimize and improve long distance speed skating event training in China； increase the level of training scientification， etc.

Key words： sports training；long distance speed skating event；excellent female athlete；training in Canada

隨着我国冰雪运动的快速发展、北京冬奥会的申办成功，作为速度滑冰运动重要组成部分的长距离项目也越来越得到重视。但要实现我国速度滑冰长距离项目竞技水平的快速提升，积极借鉴国外速度滑冰强国在长距离项目训练上的成功经验，就成为实现我国速度滑冰长距离项目跨越式发展的重要方法和手段[1]。为此，我国于2014年7月—2016年1月派出了付××、郝××、刘×等3名女运动员（见表1）赴加拿大展开了为期18个月、两个训练周期的（2014年7月—2015年3月为第1训练周期、2015年5月—2016年1月为第2训练周期）、在加方教练员全面指导下的系统训练。……