何平香 张玲

摘 要：对我国民族地区学校体育政策进行分析。研究发现：我国中央到地方的各级人民政府出台的体育政策文件中，包含有大量关于体育课程设置、课程内容、体育设施、体育安全、体育师资和体育经费等民族地区学校体育发展的政策内容。从发展过程看，前期政策出现曲折和反复，阻碍民族地区学校体育工作的发展；改革开放后得到恢复和发展，并始终坚持“健康第一”指导思想，坚持民族地区自力更生和国家扶持相结合，坚持民族地区特事特办，坚持对口支持和“体育扶贫”攻坚的政策保障。这些学校体育政策不但增强学生体质，而且扶持和促进民族地区学校体育工作开展，维护和保障了民族地区学生参与体育的权益。

关 键 词：体育管理；学校体育政策；少数民族

中图分类号：G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2018）03-0051-05

Abstract： The authors analyzed school physical education policies in ethnic minority regions in China， and found that in the sports policy documents issued by the peoples governments at all levels ranging from the central peoples government to local peoples governments， there were a lot of contents of policies for school physical education development in ethnic minority regions， such as physical education curriculum setup， curriculum contents， physical education facilities， physical education safety， physical education teachers and physical education funds， etc. From the perspective of development process， earlier policies were developed in a zigzag or repeated way， which hindered school physical education work development in ethnic minority regions； after the reform and opening， these policies were restored and developed， and kept sticking to the “Health First” guiding ideology， sticking to the combination of self-dependence of ethnic minority regions with state support， sticking to handling special matters of ethnic minority regions in a special way， and sticking to policy assurance for corresponding support and “sports for helping the poor”. These school physical education policies not only enhanced student fitness， but also supported and promoted school physical education work development in ethnic minority regions， maintained and ensured the sports participation right of students in ethnic minority regions.

Key words： sports management；school physical education policy；ethnic minority

学校体育政策上位概念是“政策”。“政策”是指“国家或政党为实现某一历史时期的路线和任务而制定的行动标准和准则”[1-2]。“学校体育政策是针对学校教育领域内的体育问题，为贯彻教育政策而制定的具体行动方案”[3]。“学校体育政策是指国家在一定的历史时期，为了实现一定的学校体育目的和任务制定的法规、命令、措施办法以及计划和方案”[4]。而就学界对于民族地区的学校体育政策研究看，普遍认为民族地区学校体育政策是在全国学校体育政策基础上，对于不同民族地区，依据民族特色，有针对性为提高民族地区青少年体质水平而实施的学校体育政策[5]。……