摘 要：为更好地促进中国乒乓球队开展科学化训练和参赛，运用数理统计等方法，对世界优秀男子乒乓球运动员的变线特征、效果进行研究。结果认为：落点是决定一板球质量和运动员长远发展的关键性因素，变线源于非同一线路上的落点变化，是落点变化的显著体现和实现落点效果的重要手段。非变线是运动员技战术运用的主要形式，变线是其辅助形式；变线和非变线在比赛制胜中发挥着几乎同等重要的作用，但变线的得分效果明显优于非变线。逢不同线路来球变正手位是运动员变线时的主要选择，且在决定比赛胜负中发挥着主导作用；“方位突破”视角下的各种变线类型的得分效果无明显差异，但变线至中间位时的得分效果略好。优秀乒乓球运动员变线战术的运用不仅灵活多变，而且重点突出；与非变线相比，各种变线形式的运用效果整体上都比较好，尤以使用率最高的7种变线形式效果最好。

关键词：乒乓球；变线；正手位；反手位；中间位；斜线；直线

中图分类号：G 808.1 学科代码：040303 文献标识码：A

Abstract：In order to better promote the Chinese table tennis team to carry out scientific training and competition， this paper studies the characteristics and effect of line-changing of the excellent male table tennis players with the methods of mathematical statistics and so on. The result shows that the placement is a key and strategic factor in determining the quality of a stroke and the long-term development of the athletes. Line-changing， which derives from the changes of the placement of non-identical line， is the significant reflection of the change of placement and the important means of realizing the effect of the placement. The non-variable is the main form of the technique and tactics， and the variable is the auxiliary form. While they play the same important role for winning in the games， the scoring effects of the variable is obviously better than non-variable. Changing to forehand side when necessary is the main choice for players to change， and they play a leading role in deciding the result of the games. There is no significant difference in the scoring effect of the different types of line-changing from the perspective of “azimuth breakthrough”， but the scoring effect is slight better when the line changes to the middle. The excellent players are very flexibly and highlighted to apply the tactics of the line-changing. Compared with the non-variable， the application effect of all kinds of line-changing form is better on the whole， and especially is best in the top 7 in the highest utilization rate.

Keywords：table tennis； line-changing； forehand position； backhand position； middle position； oblique line； straight line

作為“变线”的内核即落点和线路的变化问题，历来受到中国乒乓球界的高度重视。中国乒乓球队首任主教练傅其芳于20世纪60年代初就提出了乒乓球技术训练中“力量”“旋转”“落点”和“速度”4个要素的作用[1]27。吴焕群等[2]68对新规则对技战术的影响进行系统研究后认为，新规则下，“积极主动、快速多变、抢先发力、抢先变线……等基本战术策略”不会变。