吴卫刚　赵秋园　于海　孙晓明

摘 要 装卸搬运机械结构复杂，采用传统教学方式，学生在掌握结构原理方面存在较大困难，同时实训教学中存在实训设备数量不足，产品落后，安全隐患等问题，而采用虚拟实训平台可解决以上问题，课堂教学中可以更加直观地观察系统的内部结构、工作原理，实训环节则可以保证每人一台设备，具有产品更新换代快捷经济，有效保证人身安全等优点。根据教学要求和实践技能要求，设计开发了“装卸搬运机械虚拟实训系统”。实践证明，虚拟实训系统在教学改革方面具有很高的实用价值和推广价值。

关键词 装卸搬运机械 三维建模 虚拟实训

中图分类号：G642 文献标识码：A DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2018.03.022

Construction and Application of Virtual Training Platform

for "Loading and Handling Machinery" Course

WU Weigang[1]， ZHAO Qiuyuan[1]， YU Hai[2]， SUN Xiaoming[2]

（[1] Qingdao Harbour Vocational & Technical College， Qingdao， Shandong 266404；

[2] Qingdao Qianwan United Container Terminal Co.， Ltd， Qingdao， Shandong 266510）

Abstract The structure of loading， unloading and transporting machines is complex， and traditional teaching methods are used. Students have great difficulties in mastering the structural principles. At the same time， there are problems such as insufficient number of training equipment， backward products， and hidden safety problems in practical training. The virtual training platform can solve problems. The above problems can be observed in the classroom teaching more intuitive internal structure of the system， the working principle， practical training can guarantee one device per person， with product replacement and quick and economical， effective guarantee of personal safety and other advantages. According to the teaching requirements and practical skills requirements， the "Virtual Loading and Unloading Machine Training System" was designed and developed. Practice has proved that the virtual training system has high practical value and promotion value in teaching reform.

Keywords loading and unloading machinery； 3D modeling； virtual training

1 裝卸搬运机械课程引入虚拟实训平台的必要性

装卸搬运机械是港口机械应用技术专业以及港口物流设备与自动控制专业的一门重要的专业核心课程。该课程重点是对前期所学基础课程的深化理解，以物流行业的主流机械叉车、装载机、牵引车为典型对象，重点讲解装卸搬运机械各系统总成的结构特点、工作原理，让学生掌握装卸搬运机械维修、保养、调整的方法，在正式上岗前具有一定的故障诊断和故障排除的能力。该课程采用理实一体的教学方法，课堂上学理论，车间里练实践，教学情景与实际工作的一致性较高，但也存在局限性。

（1）理论学习方面，授课内容主要依靠幻灯片、照片、视频等，表现手法单一，系统内部结构难以观察和讲解等不足，因此，授课中传统多媒体加视频的教学手段很难达到让学生掌握所学专业知识的目的。……