黄晓路　刘中兰

摘要：基于国内和国外两种视角，运用比较分析方法，深入分析中外矿产资源扶贫开发典型模式的共性和差异性。结果表明，中外典型模式存在就业和教育等方面的扶贫共性，在主体责任分配和利益分配机制等方面存在着扶贫差异性；在此基础上从完善法律法规、創新扶贫政策、构建资源扶贫成效第三方监督评估机制、树立生态扶贫理念以破解深度贫困和生态脆弱耦合的难题等方面提出了构建中国矿产资源扶贫开发常态模式的政策思考。

关键词：矿产资源；扶贫开发；典型模式；比较分析

中图分类号：F407.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）09-0128-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.09.031

Comparison and Enlightenment of Typical Modes for the Poverty Alleviation and Development of Mineral Resources Between China and Foreign Countries

HUANG Xiao-lu，LIU Zhong-lan

（School of Public Administration， China University of Geosciences，Wuhan 430074， China）

Abstract： Based on the national and international perspectives， and by application of comparative research，the commons and differences of typical modes for the poverty alleviation and development of mineral resources between China and foreign countries were analyzed in depth. The results showed that，the national and international typical modes had some common qualities of poverty alleviation in employment and education，as well as had some differences in the distribution of main responsibilities and benefits mechanism. On this basis，some suggestions to construct the normal mode for the poverty alleviation and development of mineral resources were speculated from improving the laws and regulations，innovating the poverty alleviation policies，constructing the third party mechanism for the supervision and evaluation of resource poverty alleviation effectiveness，and fostering the concept of ecological poverty alleviation，to solve problems of the deep poverty and ecologic-fragility coupling.

Key words： mineral resources； poverty alleviation and development； typical mode； comparative analysis

当前中国正在实施精准扶贫发展战略，矿产资源在区域扶贫中的地位和优势日益显著，已成为“十三五”扶贫脱贫重要举措。促进矿产资源扶贫开发意义重大，一是可以破解区域发展难题，释放区域资源“红利”，创新多途径增加贫困人口收入，实现贫困户脱贫致富；二是可以将贫困地区的资源优势转化为经济优势，促进区域经济发展和工业建设以及基础设施完善，助力国家精准扶贫战略和2020年全面建成小康社会宏伟目标的实现；三是可以主动迎接经济全球化带来的矿业挑战，深化推进“一带一路”经济纽带作用，与沿线国家共享矿产资源扶贫开发成果。

中国幅员辽阔，各省（自治区）拥有的矿产资源、地理环境以及经济发展程度不尽相同，因此矿产资源扶贫开发模式在省（自治区）之间表现出明显的差异性，即使在同一个省（自治区）不同的地区模式也不尽相同。……