邹旭东　刘海龙　王笑影

摘要：利用沈陽市内11个监测点2013年PM2.5的监测资料，分析PM2.5的年、月、日、时的分布特征，对比分析气温、地表温度、湿度、风速、气压、降水和PM2.5的相关性。结果表明，全年PM2.5浓度在张士、二毛、太原街监测点相对较高，炮兵学院、辉山监测点相比较低；各监测点PM2.5月均浓度以1月最高，最大日均浓度出现在12月，冬季星期内各日均值和日内各小时均值变化明显；风速和PM2.5浓度呈负相关，湿度、0 cm地温、气温、气压、降水和PM2.5浓度呈正相关。对12月22日沈阳市发生严重污染天气进行了分析，500 hPa位势高度场处于弱暖脊；850 hPa位势高度场和地面风场受辐散下沉气流的影响，风速较低；垂直剖面风场下沉气流明显，地表出现湿度高值；地面至高空的温度廓线上，低空有明显的逆温；在污染最严重的时候，边界层高度处于低值。

关键词：PM2.5；分布特征；气象条件；沈阳市

中图分类号：P463.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）09-0050-08

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.09.012

Study on PM2.5 Distribution in Shenyang City

ZOU Xu-dong1，LIU Hai-long2，WANG Xiao-ying1，ZHANG Yun-hai1，JIA Qing-yu1，

WANG Hong-yu1，SUN Feng-hua1，YANG Hong-bin1

（1.Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment，China Meteorological Administration，Shenyang 110166，China；

2.Liaoning Province Meteorological Equipment Support Center，Shenyang 110166，China）

Abstract： Using monitoring data of PM2.5 in 2013 from 11 monitoring sites in Shenyang city，the distribution characteristics of PM2.5 in years，months，days and hours were studied，and the correlations between PM2.5 concentration and each of air temperature，ground temperature，humidity，wind speed，air pressure and precipitation were analyzed. The results showed that the PM2.5 concentration of Zhangshi，Ermao and Taiyuanjie monitoring stations was relatively high throughout the year，and that of school of Artilley，Huishan monitoring point was relatively low. The monthly average PM2.5 concentration value of each monitoring point was highest in January，the largest average daily concentration occurred in December. In winter，the daily and hourly change of PM2.5 concentration was obvious. Wind speed had negative correlation with PM2.5 concentration，while humidity，ground temperature，air temperature，air pressure， precipitation with PM2.5 concentration had positive correlation. The weather situation of severe pollution in Shenyang city in December 22 was analyzed，the results indicate that it was the weak warm ridge in Liaoning province at 500 hPa geopotential height field. While it was influenced by divergence and downdraft at 850 hPa geopotential height field and the ground wind field，wind speed were small. In vertical wind field，the downdraft was obvious.Significant temperature inversion occurred on the temperature profile from the ground up to the high altitude. When the pollution was most severe，the boundary layer was at a low level.

Key words： PM2.5； distribution characteristics； meteorological conditions； Shenyang city

PM2.5是指空气动力学直径小于或等于2.5 μm的颗粒物，也称为可入肺颗粒物，虽然PM2.5只是地球大气成分中含量很少的组分，但它对空气质量和能见度等有重要影响。PM2.5的主要来源是人为排放。人类既直接排放PM2.5，也排放某些气体污染物，在空气中转变成PM2.5。直接排放主要来自燃烧过程，比如化石燃料的燃烧、生物质的燃烧和垃圾焚烧等。在空气中转化成PM2.5的气体污染物主要有二氧化硫、氮氧化物、氨气和挥发性有机物；其他的人为来源包括道路扬尘、建筑施工扬尘和工业粉尘等。大气中的细颗粒物PM2.5往往会附着硫化物、氮氧化物和重金属颗粒等大多由工业污染源排放的污染因子，因而对人体的伤害很大。……