宋向阳 邢启明 常书娟 郑淑华 杨勇 李兰花

摘 要：我国北方荒漠草原地区生态環境总体上具有结构简单、易受干扰、自我调节能力差等特点。因此，在全球气候变化的大背景下，由于农业与牧业之间的激烈竞争，加之区内气候波动、人类活动干扰等诸多因素，对荒漠草原地区的生态环境和结构产生了重大影响。为了能准确和真实的反映我国北方荒漠草原地区生态系统的结构和功能的变化，该文选定达茂旗为研究对象，通过对草地退化结构变化、草地等和级结构变化的研究，得出以下结论：（1）相比20世纪80年代达茂旗退化、沙化、盐渍化草地，以及重度退化和重度盐渍化草地相比20世纪80年代都有所减少；（2）达茂旗草地等级由低一级的草地向高一级的草地逐渐演变；（3）达茂旗草地质量相比20世纪80年代有所降低。

关键词：荒漠草原；草地退化；草地等级

中图分类号 S812 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）07-0113-3

Ecological Monitoring and Evaluation of the Desert Steppe in the North of China

—Taking Damao Banner as an Example

Song Xiangyang1 et al.

（1Institute of Grassland Survey and Planning of Inner Mongolia，Hohhot 010051， China）

Abstract：The ecological environment generally has the characteristics of simple structure， susceptible to interference and poor self-regulating ability in the desert steppe region of northern China.Therefore，under the background of global climate change， due to the fierce competition between agriculture and animal husbandry，In addition，there are many factors such as climate fluctuation and human disturbance，which have great influence on the ecological environment and structure of the desert grassland area，in order to accurately and truly reflect the change of the structure and functions of grassland ecosystem in the desert steppe region of northern China，to choose the desert steppe in Damao Banner taken as the object of study. Based on the structure change of grassland degradation，the grassland grade classified structural change，the results showed that：Damao Banner degradation，desertification，saline grassland is less than the 1980s，and not degradation，desertification，saline grassland is more than the 1980s，heavy degradation and heavy saline grassland is less than the 1980s. The grassland class of Damao Banner is evolving from lower level to higher level. The grassland quality level of Damao Banner is reduced than the 1980s.

Key words：Desert steppe； Grassland degradation； Grassland quality class

我国北方荒漠草原地区生态环境总体上具有结构简单、易受干扰、自我调节能力差等特点[1]。因此，在全球气候变化的大背景下，由于农业与牧业之间的激烈竞争，加之区内气候波动、人类活动干扰等诸多因素[2]，对荒漠草原地区的生态环境和结构产生了重大影响。为准确和真实反映我国北方荒漠草原地区生态系统的结构和功能的变化，本文选定包头市达尔罕茂明安联合旗（以下简称达茂旗）为研究对象，研究表明，在本地区内，无论是草原生态环境演化历史，草原生态环境现状格局，还是草原生态建设工程成效等，均呈现较为复杂的特点，因而对该地区的研究具有代表意义[3-5]。……