刘倩 白雪薇 吴建芝 李芳

摘 要：该研究对北京花卉市场中常见的栽培基质和进口基质进行容重、孔隙度、持水量、pH值、电导率（EC）、有机质和养分含量指标比较，分析国产花卉栽培基质与进口基质的差异，以改善国产基质，保证花卉栽培质量。结果表明：国产基质EC值均高于进口基质，其中氮、磷、钾养分失衡；国产基质的有机质含量低于进口基质；国产基质多为碱性，进口基质为酸性。为改善国产基质，建议降低基质中有效态养分含量过高原料的比例，使基质中的氮、磷、钾养分含量均衡，同时降低国产基质的EC值；加入酸性肥料如硫酸亚铁，以降低基质pH值。

关键词：花卉；栽培基质；理化性状；EC值；pH值

中图分类号 S66 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）07-0053-3

Comparison on Physicochemical Characters of Several Flower Culture Substrates

Liu Qian et al.

（Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture， Beijing Key Laboratory of Ecological Function Assessment and Regulation Technology of Green Space，Beijing 100102， China）

Abstract：Physicochemical characters （including bulk density， porosity， water retention， pH， EC， contents of organic matter， N， P and K） of imported substrate and domestic substrates were compared in this study. EC of domestic substrates were higher than that of imported substrate. Compared with imported substrate， contents of available N， P and K in several domestic substrates were not balance for the growth of flowers. Contents of organic matter in domestic substrates were significantly lower than that of imported substrate. All domestic substrates were alkaline， but imported substrate was acidic. The proportion of N： P： K should be adjusted according to the requirement of flower growth. It was necessary to reduce EC of domestic substrates and acidic fertilizer （e.g. ferrous sulfate） could be complemented to drop pH of domestic substrates.

Key words：Flower；Culture substrate；Physicochemical characters；EC Value；pH Value

隨着经济的发展及人民生活水平的提高，人们对环境质量的要求不断提高，花卉产业得到了蓬勃发展，花卉基质栽培引起了广泛的重视。基质能为花卉植物提供稳定协调的水、气、肥，且具有支持、固定植株的作用，其能够根据植物的需要自由调控生理环境，具有省时、省肥、省工等优点[1]，深受广大花卉种植者的喜爱，经过多年的发展有逐步替代传统土壤的趋势。目前国外已研制出多种营养基质在市场上供应，而国内也有一些栽培基质的研制和出售，大多是因地制宜，就地取材利用一些资源来加工制造的花卉栽培基质，并在花卉市场中销售，如用农林废弃物堆肥、椰纤、醋糟等有机废弃物的发酵产物生产花木基质[2-4]，也有一些花木场圃或家庭将普通土略加调制直接使用。……