赫书东 李雪芝 郭伟 曹鹏

[摘要] 目的 了解生活饮用水水质卫生状况，为管理和改善饮用水水质提供科学依据，保障民众饮用水卫生与安全。方法 对2017—2018年東昌府区生活饮用水监测数据进行统计分析，依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749-2006）进行评价。结果2017—2018年共检测328份水样，合格240项，总合格率73.17%，2017年合格率75.00%，2018年合格率71.34%，年度差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.56，P>0.05）；枯水期与丰水期总合格率分别为78.66%、67.68%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.03，P<0.05）。城市与农村生活饮用水总合格率分别为96.35%、39.71%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=129.21，P<0.05）。结论 城区生活饮用水水质卫生状况较好，农村生活饮用水合格率偏低，加强监管和提高自律是提高农村生活饮用水合格率的关键点。

[关键词] 饮用水；水质监测；结果分析

[中图分类号] R115 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2018）12（b）-0182-03

[Abstract] Objective To know the domestic drinking water hygiene status thus providing scientific basis for the management and improvement of water quality and ensuring the hygiene and safety of the public. Methods The domestic drinking water monitoring data in Dongchangfu District from 2017 to 2018 was statistically analyzed， and the data were evaluated by the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water（GB5749-2006）. Results 328 water samples were tested in total from 2017 to 2018， 240 were qualified， and the total qualified rate was 73.17% ， and the qualified rate in 2017 and 2018 was respectively 75.00% and 71.34% ， and the difference between groups was not statistically significant（χ2=0.56，P>0.05）， and the total qualified rates during the dry season period and high water period was respectively78.66%， 67.68%， and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=5.03，P<0.05）， and the total qualified rate of urban and rural drinking water was respectively 96.35%， 39.71%， and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=129.21，P<0.05）. Conclusion The hygiene status of urban domestic drinking water quality is good， and the rural domestic drinking qualified rate is lower， and we should enhance the monitoring and improve the self-discipline， and it is the key point to improving the qualified rate of rural domestic drinking water.

[Key words] Drinking water； Water quality monitoring； Analysis of results

为了解聊城市东昌府区城市生活饮用水水质卫生状况，预防饮用水污染事故的发生，切实保障居民生活饮用水安全，对2017—2018年聊城市东昌府区生活饮用水的水质监测结果进行了统计分析。

1 材料与方法

1.1 样品来源

城区水样来自城区集中式供水及二次供水的末梢水共192份，农村水样来自农村集中供水及学校集中供水的末梢水共136份。

1.2 监测项目

微生物指标（菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌）、感官性状（色度、浑浊度、嗅和味、肉眼可见物）、一般化学指标（pH、铝、铁、锰、锌、氯化物、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、总硬度、耗氧量、挥发酚类、阴离子合成洗涤剂）、毒理学指标（砷、镉、六价铬、铅、汞、硒、氰化物、氟化物、硝酸盐、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐、溴酸盐）、消毒剂指标（游离余氯）及非常规指标（氨氮）。

1.3 检测评价依据

检测按照《生活饮用水标准检测方法》（GB/T5750-2006）[1-2]，结果按《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749-2006）[2]要求进行评价。一份水样出现任何一个监测指标不合格，即统计为不合格水样。