张运海 丁瑶 顾正选 黄学潇 余泽文 舒敏

摘要：2017年6-7月分别对采集于金沙江攀枝花江段和长江泸州江段的长薄鳅（Leptobotia elongata）进行人工繁殖试验，同时对金沙江攀枝花江段的长薄鳅进行胚胎发育的观察。结果表明，共催产长薄鳅4组，共获得鱼苗1.8万尾，长薄鳅雌性亲本成熟较雄鱼早，雌雄發育同步期在6月底。在水温24 ℃条件下对胚胎进行观察，发现受精卵发育为原肠胚的时间为5.0 h，平均出膜时间为31.0 h，出膜仔鱼平均长度为5.2 mm，出膜前鱼体长度与卵膜直径相当，在卵膜内能够伸直鱼体自由游动，这与其他鳅科鱼类以及多数鲤科鱼类有所不同。

关键词：长薄鳅（Leptobotia elongata）；金沙江；长江；人工繁殖；胚胎发育

中图分类号：S917 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）08-0104-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.026

Artificial Propagation and Embryonic Development Observation of Leptobotia elongata from Jinsha River and Yangtze River

ZHANG Yun-hai，DING Yao，GU Zheng-xuan，HUANG Xue-xiao，YU Ze-wen，SHU-Min

（Wuhan Sinoeco Ecological Science and Technology Co.， Ltd.， Wuhan 430083， China）

Abstract： Artificial propagation of Leptobotia elongata collected from the Panzhihua section of Jinsha river and Luzhou section of Yangtze river were studied from June to July in 2017. At the same time the embryonic development of Leptobotia elongata from Panzhihua section of Jinsha River were observed. In the experiment of artificial inducing spawning of 4 parents 18 000 fries were received，the study indicated that the females matured earlier than the males，The time they both reach sexual maturity may be in the end of June. Gastrula began in 5.0 h at 24 ℃，and the average hatching time was 31.0 h，the average length of the larvae was 5.2 mm. Before hatching the length of larvae and the diameter of egg membrane was about equal. the fish was able to stretch and swim freely in the egg membrane. This was different from other Cobitidae and most of Cyprinidae.

Key words： Leptobotia elongata； Yangtze river； Jinsha river； artificial propagation； embryonic development

长薄鳅（Leptobotia elongata）隶属于鲤形目鳅科沙鳅亚科薄鳅属，别名花鱼、花斑鳅、花泥鳅、红沙鳅钻、火军、花鳅等，是中国长江中上游特有珍稀鱼类，也是目前已知的鳅科鱼类中体型最大的一种[1]。长薄鳅主要摄食底层小型鱼类及底栖动物。近年来，水生态系统遭受严重威胁，特别是长江上游江段及金沙江江段，由于水电站的梯级开发，使得野生鱼类生境发生剧烈变化；加之过度捕捞，使长薄鳅的野生种群受到严重威胁。目前长薄鳅在《中国物种红色名录》《中国濒危动物红皮书 鱼类》中均被列为易危（VU）等级。为了对水电影响江段野生鱼类资源进行补偿，中国多个水电站采取人工增殖放流的方式对流域渔业资源进行修复。2017年分别在四川省乐山的安谷水电站鱼类增殖放流站和四川攀枝花的观音岩水电站鱼类增殖放流站进行长薄鳅的人工繁殖，并取得成功。……