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天然辣椒素对几种植物病原菌的抑菌活性研究

2018-06-08张然李彪韦勇杨金茹沙慧英苏仙辉肖丰坤

湖北农业科学 2018年8期

张然 李彪 韦勇 杨金茹 沙慧英 苏仙辉 肖丰坤

摘要:以天然辣椒素为原料,采用含毒介质法研究了不同含量的辣椒素对芒果炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、三七根腐菌(Cylindrocarpon destructans)、番茄早疫菌(Alternaria solani)、番茄灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)、白菜黑斑菌(Alternaria brassicae)、玉米赤霉菌(Fusarium graminearum)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)等7种植物病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明,天然辣椒素对供试菌均有一定的抑制作用,在同等条件下天然辣椒素对几种植物病原菌的抑制效果大小表现为番茄灰霉菌>白菜黑斑菌>芒果炭疽菌>番茄早疫菌>尖孢镰刀菌>玉米赤霉菌>三七根腐菌。在一定的试验范围内,天然辣椒素对供试菌的抑制作用與辣椒素浓度和处理时间呈正相关,但达到一定浓度与处理时间后抑菌效果呈下降趋势。当天然辣椒素含量为0.11%,处理72 h左右时,对这7种植物病原菌的抑制效果达到最高,其中对番茄灰霉菌的抑制率为71.20%。

关键词:天然辣椒素;植物病原菌;抑菌作用

中图分类号:S482.2+92 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)08-0066-03

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.017

Study on the Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Capsaicin on Some Phytopathogen

ZHANG Ran,LI Biao,WEI Yong,YANG Jin-ru,SHA Hui-ying,SU Xian-hui,XIAO Feng-kun

(Yunnan Hong Lv Capsaicin Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650503,China)

Abstract: Taking natural capsaicin as raw material,the antimicrobial activity of natural capsaicin on seven kinds of phytopathogen (including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Cylindrocarpon destructans,Alternaria solani,Botrytis cinerea,Alternaria brassicae,Fusarium graminearum,Fusarium oxysporum) were tested through toxic medium method. The results showed that above-mentioned even kinds of phytopathogen were inhibited growth by natural capsaicin,the order of antimicrobial activity on above-mentioned seven kinds of phytopathogen were Botrytis cinerea>Alternaria brassicae>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides>Alternaria solani>Fusarium oxysporum>Fusarium graminearum>Cylindrocarpon destructan. In certain range,antimicrobial activity of natural capsaicin were positively correlated with concentrations and time,respectively. However,weakening trend of antimicrobial activity appeared when some high concentrations of natural capsaicin and a certain time scale. The natural capsaicin showed up most strongly antimicrobial activity on above-mentioned seven kinds of phytopathogen when phytopathogen were trained for 72 hours on medium with 0.11% natural capsaicin,specially,the antimicrobial activity on B. cinerea was 71.20%.

Key words: natural capsaicin; phytopathogen; antimicrobial activity

天然辣椒素(Natural capsaicin)是一种酰胺类化合物,其结构式C18H27NO3,相对分子质量305.41,化学名[(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-甲基]-8-甲基-9(反)-6-壬烯基酰胺[1],主要存在于辣椒中。天然辣椒素由一系列同系物组成,主要含有辣椒素(Capsaicin)、二氢辣椒素(Dihy drocapsaicin)、高二氢辣椒素(Homodihy drocapsaicin)[2]等。其中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素在辣椒素类物质中含量超过90%[3]。

天然辣椒素因其具有很强的刺激性和生物活性,使其抑制的菌种种类和抑菌效果成为国内外重要的研究方向[4]。据国内外研究报道,辣椒素具有抗菌消炎等作用[5,6]。此外,由于辣椒素可作为抑制病原菌微生物的活性物质,可用于防治植物病害、充当防腐剂等。天然辣椒素在……

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