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鸢尾对大气颗粒物的滞留与再悬浮能力

2018-06-08谭连帅刘辉姜雪磊李鹏

湖北农业科学 2018年8期
关键词:颗粒物大气风速

谭连帅 刘辉 姜雪磊 李鹏

摘要:以鸢尾(Iris tectorum Maxim.)为材料,采用干洗法测定其叶片的滞尘量,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)测定其叶内及叶表的颗粒物成分及含量,并研究不同风速和不同风力作用时间下鸢尾的大气颗粒物再悬浮比例。结果表明,鸢尾叶片的单位面积滞尘量为3.43 g/m2,在草本植物中是比较高的。鸢尾叶表元素及叶内元素中只有Al和K存在显著相关性,风速对沉降于鸢尾叶片表面的大气颗粒物的再悬浮有着显著的影响,而风力作用时间的长短对大气颗粒物的再悬浮影响作用有限。

关键词:鸢尾(Iris tectorum Maxim.);植物修复;大气污染;电感耦合等离子体发射光谱;再悬浮

中图分类号:X506 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)08-0039-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.010

Retention and Resuspension of Atmospheric Particles by Iris tectorum

TAN Lian-shuai1,2,LIU Hui1,JIANG Xue-lei1,LI Peng1

(1.College of Resource and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China;

2.College of Resource and Environment,Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

Abstract: Taking Iris tectorum Maxim. as the material,and the dust content was determined by dry-cleaning method. The composition and content of the particulate matter in the leaf and on the leaf surface were determined by ICP. In addition,resuspension ratio of atmospheric particulate on the leaf surface of I. tectorum was investigated at different wind speed and different time. The results showed that the amount of dust per unit leaf area was 3.43 g/m2,which was relatively high among the herbs. Only Al and K had significant correlations between the interior leaf elements and exterior elements. And wind speed gave significant effect on the resuspension of atmospheric particulates in I. Tectorum,while the wind function time gave the limited effect on the resuspension of atmospheric particulate matter.

Key words: Iris tectorum Maxim.; phytoremediation; air pollution; ICP; resuspension

随着时代的进步与科技的发展,各种化石能源的消耗不断增大,相应的各种产品如汽车等的普及使得大气污染变得越来越严重,而主要污染物之一便是大气颗粒物(Particulate matter,PM)[1-3]。大气颗粒物不仅影响正常的大气可见度,还对市民的健康造成了严重的威胁,其中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)或细颗粒物(PM2.5)作为首要污染物,必须得到有效的控制[4]。

植物修复作为缓解大气污染的措施之一,与相关的工程技术措施相比有经济、环保、高效、可持续等方面的优点[5,6]。其对大气颗粒物的修复过程主要表现在持留和去除两个方面,在持留过程中又涉及植物的截获、吸附、滞留等作用[7-10]。当前的大多数研究将乔木作为植物修复的优先考虑树种[11],对地被性植物的研究尚不深入,而地被性植物可能在大气颗粒物的修复方面有着更为优良的作用。……

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