贺莉微 夏青

摘要：利用1960-2016年咸寧市6个国家观测站逐月日照时数、总云量、低云量、相对湿度、降水量和降水日数等资料，采用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall检验和小波分析等方法分析咸宁市日照时数变化特征及其与各气象要素之间的相关性。结果表明，咸宁地区日照时数呈现中部少、南北部多的空间分布特征，近57年咸宁市日照时数呈减少趋势，近30年减少趋势有所减缓；夏季、秋季和冬季均呈减小趋势，尤以夏季的8月减少速率最大。20世纪60-70年代，年日照时数以异常偏多年份为主，20世纪80-90年代和2000年以后，以异常偏少为主。1977年日照时数发生了明显减少的突变，以3年和7年振荡周期最为显著。季节和年日照时数与气象要素多数表现为显著的负相关关系，近57年咸宁地区日照时数的减少与低云量、降水日数和降水量有着密切的关系，但对比近30年的变化来看，这些影响因子的显著性减少趋势对日照时数的贡献大于它们增多的趋势。

关键词：日照时数；气候倾向率；Mann-Kendall检验；小波分析

中图分类号：P468 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）08-0031-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.008

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Hours and Influence of Meteorological Factors in Xianning

HE Li-wei1，XIA Qing2

（1.Xianning Meteorological Bureau， Xianning 437100，Hubei，China；2.Hubei Public Meteorological Service Center，Wuhan 430074，China）

Abstract： Based the monthly sunshine duration， total cloud cover，low cloud cover，relative humidity，precipitation days and precipitation at 6 meteorological observation stations in Xianning from 1960 to 2016，the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sunshine duration and their correlation with meteorological factors were studied by using the climate tendency rate，Morlet wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall test methods. The results indicated that the annual sunshine duration was high in the middle and low on the north and south in Xianning. The change of annual sunshine duration showed a decreasing tendency in whole area in Xianning from 1960 to 2016 and the decreasing tendency had slowed down in the past 30 years.The sunshine duration in summer，autumn and winter showed a decreasing trend，especially in August. In the 1960s and 1970s annual sunshine hours were unusually high. In the 1980s-1990s and 2000 years later annual sunshine hours were abnormal too few. The mutation of sunshine duration with the obvious decrease occurred in 1977，and the oscillation periods of 3-year and 7-year were significant. The seasonal and annual sunshine hours and meteorological elements were mostly negative correlation. The reduction in sunshine hours was closely related to low cloud cover，precipitation days and precipitation in Xianning during 1960-2016. But in contrast to the changes of the past 30 years，the significant reduction trend of these influencing factors contributes more to the increasing trend of sunshine hours.

Key words： sunshine hours； climatic tendency rate； Mann-Kendall test； Morlet wavelet analysis

日照时数是指太阳在某地实际照射的时数，也称实照时数[1]。日照时数是表示太阳辐射强弱的气象要素之一，也是影响气候变化的主要气象要素之一[2]。日照时间的长短直接影响着农牧业生产，并对人类的日常生活有着直接的影响[3，4]。根据IPCC第4次评估报告，全球在变暖的同时也在变暗[5]。近年来研究表明，虞海燕等[6]指出全国年日照时数呈显著减少的趋势，平均每10年减少36.9 h。……