工业4.0战略需培养新型制造业技能人才
2018-06-08李慧芬
李慧芬
摘 要 工业4.0战略促进制造业向智能化转型,带来世界经济秩序大变革机遇,成为我国一项国家发展战略。产业发展对制造业技术技能人才培养模式产生深刻变革影响:完善人才培养体系、准确定位培养目标;打破专业设置界限、培养学生跨学科专业能力;优化课程体系、加强创新通识教育、培养个性化人才;创新教学方法、利用数字化手段培养学生终身学习能力;创新人才培养模式、注重学校与企业间深度合作培养。
关键词 工业4.0 制造业 影响 对策
中图分类号:G710 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdks.2018.02.002
Industry 4.0 Strategy Needs to Cultivate a New Type of
Skilled Personnel in Manufacturing Industry
LI Huifen
(Dalian Vocational & Technical College, Dalian, Liaoning 116035)
Abstract The strategy of Industry 4.0 innovates the traditional manufacturing to an intelligent transformation, and brings the opportunity of a great revolution in the world economic order. It has been an important national economic development strategy in China. Industrial development by Industry 4.0 has a profound change influence on skilled manufacturing technical talents training: improve talent education system continuously and target their training objectives accurately; break major boundaries and foster students' interdisciplinary expertise; reform the curriculum system and strengthen the general innovation education to personalize their students; innovate teaching methods and utilize digital methods to cultivate students' lifelong learning abilities; innovate talents cultivating mode and develop deeper talents educational cooperation between schools and enterprises.
Key words Industry 4.0; manufacturing industry; influence; response actions
0 引言
在過去很长一段时间里,世界工业格局的划分已基本完成,高技术产业主要分布在发达国家,而简单的加工制造业则主要分布在以亚洲为主的发展中国家。这时的产品创新周期可规划,上市时间可预见,全球化生产和市场可以很好地实现规模经济和范围经济。但随着经济与技术的不断发展,当前和未来的企业都将面临更多的挑战。产品种类增多,上市时间缩短,客户定制生产等,这些变化使得跨国企业的内部管理结构更加复杂,原来行之有效的规模经济和范围经济受到了挑战。因此,以实现创新交互式生产技术、将数字世界与物理世界无缝连接为主要特征的工业4.0战略将制造业向智能化转型、实现智能工厂等这些概念一经提出,便受到了广泛重视。这次工业技术革命同前几次工业革命一样将带来世界经济秩序大变革的机遇。因此,许多西方发达国家纷纷要回归制造业,而类似中国这样的发展中国家则迎来了一次传统制造产业升级的巨大机会。……
