吴俊英

[摘要] 目的 探討维持性血液透析患者合并肺部感染的情况及其健康教育、饮食、护理等预防性干预措施。方法 方便选择该院2015年1月—2017年1月收治的维持性血液透析治疗患者100例作为研究对象，入组对象临床资料完整，自愿配合该研究，根据有无肺部感染分为感染组（40例）与无感染组（60例），分析肺部感染的危险因素，并制定有效的健康教育、饮食、护理等预防性干预措施处理。 结果 感染组的年龄为（56.49±4.21）岁、病程为（3.11±1.05）年、血清蛋白含量为（56.43±14.24）g/L、血红蛋白含量为（22.38±11.05）g/L、透析时间为（11.92±3.46）h/周、C-反应蛋白为（55.43±13.45）mg/L、空腹血糖为（15.33±2.39）mmol/L，和无感染组的（43.02±6.54）岁、（1.28±1.21）年、（86.78±13.27）g/L、（32.19±11.24）g/L、（6.75±2.14）h/周、（21.86±10.46）mg/L、（11.99±2.34）mmol/L比较均差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。感染组40例患者经过积极有效的抗感染处理与支持疗法后，最终死亡2例，康复出院38例，治愈率高达95.00%。结论 年龄、病程、血清蛋白含量、血红蛋白含量、透析时间、C-反应蛋白、空腹血糖等与维持性血液透析患者合并肺部感染相关，临床诊治期间需积极控制血糖，提高营养，改善贫血，并充分透析，尽量避免肺部感染发生。

[关键词] 维持性血液透析；肺部感染；危险因素；预防性干预

[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742（2018）02（a）-0154-03

Investigation and Preventive Measures of Pulmonary Infection in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

WU Jun-ying

Department of Hemodialysis， the Second Hospital of Longyan， Longyan， Fujian Province， 364000 China

[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to investigate the status of pulmonary infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients and preventive intervention measures. Methods 100 cases of maintenance hemodialysis patients who were treated in this hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were conveniently selected as the research object. The clinical data of the subjects were complete and voluntarily matched with the study， and included the time from January 2015 to January 2017， according to whether the pulmonary infection， they were divided into infection group（40 cases） and no infection group（60 cases）， the risk factors of pulmonary infection were analyzed and effective preventive measures such as health education， diet and nursing were made. Results The age of the infected group was（56.49±4.21）years old， the course of disease was （3.11±1.05）years， the serum protein content was （56.43±14.24）g/L and the hemoglobin content was（22.38 ± 11.05）g/L； dialysis time of（11.92±3.46）h/week， C-reactive protein was （55.43±13.45） mg/L， fasting blood glucose was （15.33 ± 2.39）mmol/L and those of the non-infected group of（43.02±6.54） years old，（1.28±1.21）years， （86.78±13.27）g/L，（32.19±11.24）g/L，（6.75±2.14） h/week， （21.86±10.46）mg/L and （11.99±2.34）mmol/L respectively， the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. In the infection group， 40 patients after active and effective anti-infective treatment and supportive therapy， the final death in 2 cases， 38 cases of rehabilitation discharged， the cure rate as high as 95.00%. Conclusion Age， course of disease， serum protein content， hemoglobin content， dialysis time， C-reactive protein， fasting blood glucose and other patients with maintenance hemodialysis associated with pulmonary infection， clinical diagnosis and treatment needs actively control blood glucose， improve nutrition and improve anemia， and full dialysis， try to avoid the occurrence of pulmonary infection.

[Key words] Maintenance hemodialysis； Pulmonary infection； Risk factors； Preventive intervention

慢性肾衰竭属于比较严重的综合症，以代谢产物潴留、水电解质及酸碱紊乱为表现，若未能及时有效治疗，会危及患者的生命安全[1]。近几年，血液净化技术不断成熟与发展，维持性血液透析治疗在慢性肾衰竭患者中逐渐开展起来，明显延长患者生存时间，但合并感染（如肺部感染）是导致患者死亡最为主要的一个原因[2]。为了进一步探讨维持性血液透析患者合并肺部感染的情况及康教育、饮食、护理等预防性干预措施，该院针对收治的100例慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析患者接诊于2015年1月—2017年1月实施了如下研究及报道，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

方便选择该院收治的维持性血液透析治疗患者100例作为研究对……