王晨茜 刘正奎 韩布新 陈天勇

(中国科学院心理健康重点实验室 中国科学院心理研究所，北京 100101)

CASKeyLaboratoryofMentalHealth,InstituteofPsychology,Beijing100101,China

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo compare the life satisfaction and related factors among rural elderly living in urban-rural fringe zones and traditional villages with urban elderly, during the process of urbanization.MethodsThere were 1 761 older adults living in traditional villages, urban-rural fringe zones and urban areas of Fuding, Fujian Province was surveyed through nonrandom sampling. The satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) was adopted to assess life satisfaction and a self-prepared questionnaire was used to investigate other relevant demographical information.ResultsThe life satisfaction scores of older adults living in traditional villages, urban-rural fringe zones and urban areas was 20.84±5.00, 22.78±5.75, and 24.72±5.91 respectively. Urban elderly scored the highest on life satisfaction and elderly in traditional villages scored the lowest. The difference was statistically significant in all pairwise comparisons. Analysis of variance showed that related factors of life satisfaction for the three groups was largely consistent. Multiple liner regression analysis showed that self-rated financial situation, self-rated health, family support and social participation was the most important factors related to life satisfaction (P<0.001). In addition, the three groups of older adults didn't differ significantly in life satisfaction after controlling relative factors.ConclusionsThe life satisfaction of rural elderly is improved significantly during urbanization, nevertheless, the life satisfaction of elderly in traditional villages remains the lowest. In order to promote the life satisfaction of rural elderly, public policies should focus on improving the economy and medical security of rural areas, as well as facilitating family support and social participation.

【Keywords】 Life satisfaction; Urbanization; Rural; Urban-rural fringe zone

第6次人口普查显示农村老龄人口比例为14.98%，比城市高3.30%〔1〕。作为规模庞大的弱势群体，农村老年人生活满意度整体低于城市老年人〔2〕。城镇化进程还表现在城市向外围扩展，形成了逐渐扩大的城乡交错带，即传统农村转变为城乡结合部，该人地系统具有明显的城乡过渡性特点〔3〕，老年居民也面对着独特的过渡性环境。生活满意度是个体对自己生活质量的认知评价，是幸福感和生活质量研究中一个重要指标〔4〕。本研究调查福建省福鼎市60岁以上老年居民的生活满意度，比较传统农村、城乡结合部与城市老年人的生活满意度状况及影响因素。

1 对象与方法

1.1研究对象 采用非随机取样方法，在福建省福鼎市的点头镇(远离市区，下辖18个行政村)、山前街道(毗邻市区，下辖9个行政村)和桐山、桐城街道(市区内)，分别对传统农村、城乡结合部和城市的老年人进行取样。由经过培训的主试实施一对一调查，共回收问卷1 856份，剔除无效问卷95份，最终有效问卷1 761份，有效率94.9%。老年人基本情况见表1。三组老年人在各变量上差异均显著。其中，值得注意的是，传统农村与城乡结合部的老年人有经济自评与健康自评更差、家庭支持与社会参与更少的趋势。

1.2研究方法 采用自编问卷，调查老年人的基本情况。包括年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、居住方式、经济自评、健康自评、社会活动、家庭支持和负性生活事件等。……