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高强度间歇训练与中强度持续训练对超重/肥胖成人心肺适能的影响比较:Meta分析

2018-04-11赵广高曹卫苏利强张琳张金铭朱政杨钦孙顺利全明辉

首都体育学院学报 2018年2期

赵广高 曹卫 苏利强 张琳 张金铭 朱政 杨钦 孙顺利 全明辉

摘 要:探讨高强度间歇训练(HIIT)相比中强度持续训练(MICT)对超重/肥胖成人心肺适能的改善是否更具优势。方法:通过检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science与中国知网(核心期刊)数据库,搜集HIIT与MICT干预超重/肥胖成人O2max的随机对照试验(RCT)与临床对照试验(CCT),采用风险偏倚评价对纳入文献进行质量评估,STATA 13.1软件进行合并效应量分析和亚组分析。结果:共纳入文献10篇,其中低、中度与高风险文献分别为4篇、5篇与1篇。纳入文献中HIIT与MICT组总样本量分别为126个与113个。Meta分析结果发现,与MICT相比,HIIT对O2max指标水平的提升具有显著作用(WMD=0.97,95% CI:0.26~1.67,P=0.007),其中较高年龄的“>35岁”(WMD=1.52,95% CI:0.40~2.63,P=0.008)、长周期的“12周”(WMD=1.11,95% CI:0.32~1.91,P=0.006)与训练中能耗/做功“一致”(WMD=1.37,95% CI:0.09~2.65,P=0.036)的亚组分析结果均具有统计学意义。结论:HIIT对超重/肥胖成人心肺适能的改善作用显著优于MICT,在较高年龄群体、较长训练周期与同等训练能耗或做功量条件下,HIIT优势显著。

关键词:高强度间歇训练;中强度持续训练;超重;肥胖;心肺适能

中图分类号:G 808.1 学科代码:040303 文献标识码:A

Abstract:Objective: To determine the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese adults, in comparison with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched for randomized controlled trial (RCT) or clinical controlled trial (CCT) comparing the effect of HIIT and MICT on O2max in overweight and obese adults. The risk of bias assessment was performed for each of the included studies. The meta-analysis was performed by using STATA 13.1. Results: Ten studies, including 126 participants in HIIT and 113 participants in MICT, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that HIIT produced greater increases in O2max (WMD = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.26~1.67, P=0.007) than MICT. Significant differences between HIIT and MICT were observed for VO2max in subgroups ">35 years" (WMD =1.52, 95% CI: 0.40~2.63, P=0.008), "12 weeks" (WMD =1.11, 95% CI: 0.32~1.91, P=0.006) and "isocaloric training" (WMD=1.37, 95% CI: 0.09~2.65, P=0.036). Conclusion: HIIT could be considered a more effective intervention for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese adults, in comparison with MICT.

Keywords: high-intensity interval training; moderate-intensity continuous training; overweight; obese; cardiorespiratory fitness

身体活动对肥胖者心肺适能的有益作用已被研究所证实[1]。为实现心肺健康效应,世界卫生组织(WHO)建议18~64岁成人每周的有氧身体活动至少累计一定时间(中强度150 min或高强度75 min)[2]26。若要获得更多的健康效益,每周有氧运动的累计时间还需加倍(中强度300 min或高强度150 min)[2]26。对于某些需要更多健康效益的成人(如超重/肥胖成人)而言,按WHO推薦的每周5次来计算,每次需累计60 min中强度或30 min高强度的有氧身体活动。

然而,影响成人参加并坚持运动锻炼的一大障碍就是缺乏时间[3-5]。相……

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