竞技武术套路国际化发展历程、问题及对策
2018-04-11陈新萌赵光圣郭发明王培含王琨
陈新萌 赵光圣 郭发明 王培含 王琨
摘 要:采用武术家群体口述历史与文献梳理互证结合的方法,访谈了13名武术专家,对竞技武术套路国际化进行研究。在归纳总结竞技武术套路国际化发展历程的基础上发现,竞技武术套路的国际化历程经历了访美表演、援外交流、赛事举办和奥运之路4个阶段。同时,竞技武术套路国际化发展历程也存在着“各国发展规模不均”“动作评价模糊”“严格评判标准缺失”“文化差异与局限性传播”的问题。提出4条对策:1)简化动作并订立规范标准;2)创新难度技术并改革动作编排;3)建立公平公正的执裁制度并协调评价方法;4)树立文化自信并和谐发展。
关键词:竞技武术;武术家;口述史;武术套路;国际化;武术国际化
中图分类号:G 852 学科代码:040304 文献标识码:A
Abstract:By using the method of the combination of oral history and literature review, 13 Wushu experts were interviewed to study the internationalization of competitive Wushu routines. On the basis of summing up the international development process of competitive Wushu routines, it is found that the internationalization process of competitive Wushu routines has gone through 4 stages: the visit to the United States, the exchange of foreign aid, the holding of events and the Olympic road. At the same time, there are some problems in the international development of competitive Wushu routines, such as uneven scale of development, vague evaluation of action, lack of strict judgment standard, mass media and cultural differences. Four suggestions: 1) a simplified action specification standards; 2) technology innovation difficulty and reform movement; 3) the establishment of a fair and impartial judge system and the coordination of the evaluation method; and 4) the establishment of cultural confidence and harmonious development.
Keywords:competitive Wushu; martial artists; oral history; Wushu routines; internationalization; internation-
alization of Wushu
近年來,口述史研究的广泛开展使得各阶层代际间建立起了广泛的联系和相互理解的归属感[1]。武术在其发展和传承中所具有的独特价值和武术家在武术领域的重要地位成为急需开展武术口述史研究的重要缘由。本研究选取的武术家群体是国家武术研究院首批专家委员会委员和中国武术研究方面的10位知名教授,除已故的武术家外,实际访谈13名武术专家,平均年龄78岁,地域分布于北京、上海、广州、杭州、武汉、成都、太原、石家庄等地。这些武术家都是中华人民共和国武术发展的见证者,参与了武术发展的政策制定并亲历了武术重大历史事件,对于探索历史细节和武术发展进程中鲜为人知且具有转折意义的历史事件提供了丰沛的口述历史资料。……
