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早期气管切开术治疗老年重型颅脑损伤的疗效分析

2018-03-31黄法初

中西医结合心血管病电子杂志 2017年36期
关键词:老年疗效

黄法初

【摘要】目的 探讨早期气管切开术治疗老年重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效。方法 选择我院50例老年重型颅脑损伤患者为研究对象,依据通气方法不同将入选病例分为实验组(早期气管切开术,25例)和对照组(早期气管插管术,25例)。观察和对比两组患者的疗效及并发症。结果 实验组患者的重残死亡率与对照组相比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05);其痰痂发生率、应用呼吸机时间、住院时间、SpO2等方面与对照组相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 早期气管切开术治疗老年重型颅脑损伤效果确切,有助于缩短治疗时间、减少并发症,对改善患者预后具有积极作用,值得推广使用。

【关键词】老年;重型颅脑损伤;早期气管切开术;疗效

【中图分类号】R741 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】ISSN.2095-6681.2017.36..02

【Abstract】Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of early tracheotomy in the treatment of severe craniocerebral injury in the elderly. Methods 50 patients with severe craniocerebral injury in our hospital were studied.according to the different ventilation methods,the selected cases were divided into experimental group (early tracheotomy, 25 cases) and control group (early tracheal intubation, 25 cases).the effects of two groups were compared and observed, and the basic therapeutic indexes and complications were statistically analyzed.Results In experimental group,the mortality of the severe disability and control group showed no significant difference (P>0.05);The incidence of sputum scab, ventilator time, hospitalization time and SpO2 were statistically different from those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Early tracheostomy is effective in treating severe craniocerebral injury in the elderly.It helps shorten the treatment time and reduce complications, and has a positive effect on improving the prognosis of patients. It is worth promoting.

【Key words】Old age;Severe craniocerebral injury;Early tracheotomy;Curative effect

重型顱脑损伤是暴力直接或间接作用于头部引起的严重颅脑组织损伤,属临床常见急危重症,具有发病急、病情凶险、进展迅速的特点,致残致死率高。气管切开术解除呼吸困难的一种常见手术,可有效保持呼吸通畅,改善缺氧,是临床救治重型颅脑损伤的重要手段,尤其适用于老年呼吸功能差的患者,对挽救患者生命具有重要意义[1]。我院近年予以老年重型颅脑损伤患者早期气管切开术取得理想治疗效果,本文现对此进行分析和探讨。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择我院50例老年重型颅脑损伤患者为研究对象,依据通气方法不同将入选病例分为实验组和对照组两组。实验组(25例):男12例,女13例;年龄60~90岁,平均(74.1±5.2)岁;损伤至入院时间0.5~1.9 h,平均(1.1±0.3)h;入院急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE Ⅱ)

17~28分,平均(24.2±2.0)分;入院格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)4~8分,平均(6.5±0.7)分;闭合性损伤22例,开放性损伤3例;合……

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